Water Analysis

What is the pH of natural water.....?

• 5.65

• 7.0

• 6.5

• 8.0

Acidity in water is caused mainly by the presence of.........

• Carbon dioxide

• Oxygen

• Ammonia

• Chloride ions

What does alkalinity in water typically indicate?

• Presence of dissolved oxygen

• Neutral water

• Presence of bicarbonates and hydroxides

• High acidity

What is the primary cause of water hardness?

• Chloride ions

• Calcium and magnesium salts

• Sodium bicarbonate

• Ammonium nitrate

Which of the following is NOT a type of water hardness?

• Permanent hardness

• Temporary hardness

• Chemical hardness

• None of the above

What is the unit for measuring water hardness?

• mg/L of dissolved solids

• ppm as CaCO₃

• g/m³ of salt

• pH units

Which of the following is a measure of total solids in water?

• Weight of dry residue left after evaporation

• Volume of water displaced

• pH of the water

• Concentration of chlorine

What is the principle behind ion exchange for hard water treatment?

• Replacing sodium ions with calcium ions

• Exchanging hardness-causing ions with sodium ions

• Neutralizing acids in water

• Removing solids via sedimentation