Quiz about untitled

Question 1

What type of cell signaling involves direct contact?

Accepted Answer

Juxtacrine

Answer

Paracrine

Answer

Autocrine

Answer

Endocrine

Question 2

What type of cell signaling is like the boxing glove to the opponents face?

Accepted Answer

Juxtacrine

Answer

Paracrine

Answer

Autocrine

Answer

Endocrine

Question 3

Which of the following is a good example of Juxtacrine?

Accepted Answer

Option D is correct

Answer

A.

Answer

B.

Answer

C.

Question 4

What type of cell signaling involves the use of the plasmodesmata between plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Juxtacrine

Answer

Autocrine

Answer

Endocrine

Answer

Paracrine

Question 5

What type of cell signaling involves is like these two on the phone?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine

Answer

Paracrine

Answer

Autocrine

Answer

Juxtacrine

Question 6

Which of the following is a good example of Endocrine?

Accepted Answer

Option A is correct

Answer

B.

Answer

C.

Answer

D.

Question 7

What type of cell signaling involves the hormones traveling through the blood to other target cells?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine

Answer

Juxtacrine

Answer

Autocrine

Answer

Paracrine

Question 8

What type of cell signaling involves traveling a short distance?

Accepted Answer

Paracrine

Answer

Autocrine

Answer

Juxtacrine

Answer

Endocrine

Question 9

What type of cell signaling involves traveling a long distance?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine

Answer

Paracrine

Answer

Autocrine

Answer

Juxtacrine

Question 10

Which of the following is a good example of Paracrine?

Accepted Answer

Option D is correct

Answer

A.

Answer

B.

Answer

C.

Question 11

Which of the following is a good example of Autocrine?

Accepted Answer

Option B is correct

Answer

A.

Answer

C.

Answer

D.

Question 12

What type of cell signaling involves the sending of nerve signals between neurons ?

Accepted Answer

Paracrine

Answer

Juxtacrine

Answer

Autocrine

Answer

Endocrine

Question 13

What type of cell signaling is shown in the picture?

Accepted Answer

Autocrine

Answer

Juxtacrine

Answer

Endocrine

Answer

Paracrine

Question 14

What type of cell signaling does hugging yourself represent?

Accepted Answer

Autocrine

Answer

Paracrine

Answer

Juxtacrine

Answer

Endocrine

Question 15

What type of cell signaling involves traveling a short distance?

Accepted Answer

Paracrine

Answer

Autocrine

Answer

Juxtacrine

Answer

Endocrine

Question 16

What are the main components of a cell signaling pathway?

Accepted Answer

ligands, receptors, intracellular signaling molecules, target proteins

Answer

DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids

Answer

cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria

Answer

enzymes, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals

Question 17

Describe the process of signal transduction mechanisms in cell communication.

Accepted Answer

Signal transduction mechanisms in cell communication involve a signaling molecule binding to a receptor on the cell surface, triggering a cascade of events that transmit the signal into the cell, leading to a specific cellular response.

Answer

Signal transduction involves direct cell-to-cell communication without the need for receptors

Answer

Signal transduction does not involve any specific cellular response

Answer

Signal transduction mechanisms are solely controlled by the nucleus of the cell

Question 18

List and briefly explain the phases of the cell division cycle.

Accepted Answer

Interphase (G1, S, G2) and Mitotic phase (Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis)

Answer

Synthesis phase (G1, S, G2) and Mitotic phase (Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis)

Answer

Cellular phase (G1, S, G2) and Nuclear phase (Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis)

Answer

Growth phase (G1, S, G2) and Division phase (Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis)

Question 19

What are some examples of cell communication molecules and their functions?

Accepted Answer

Examples of cell communication molecules are hormones, neurotransmitters, cytokines, and growth factors. Their functions include signal transmission, regulation of physiological processes, immune response coordination, and control of cell growth and differentiation.

Answer

Some examples of cell communication molecules are antibodies, antigens, and white blood cells. They function in immune response activation and pathogen recognition.

Answer

Examples of cell communication molecules are enzymes, vitamins, and minerals. They function in energy production, metabolism, and structural support.

Answer

Cell communication molecules include water, carbohydrates, and lipids. They play a role in hydration, energy storage, and membrane structure.

Question 20

What is the importance of feedback in cell signaling pathways?

Accepted Answer

Feedback in cell signaling pathways is important for maintaining homeostasis and regulating signaling responses.

Answer

Feedback in cell signaling pathways has no impact on signaling responses

Answer

Feedback in cell signaling pathways is primarily for energy production

Answer

Feedback in cell signaling pathways is only important for cell growth

Question 21

How do cells communicate with each other in a multicellular organism?

Accepted Answer

Chemical signals like hormones, neurotransmitters, and cytokines

Answer

Sound waves

Answer

Electrical impulses

Answer

Visual cues

Question 22

Explain the concept of positive and negative feedback in cell signaling.

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback enhances the signal, while negative feedback reduces or inhibits the signal in cell signaling.

Answer

Positive feedback reduces the signal, while negative feedback has no effect on the signal in cell signaling.

Answer

Positive feedback inhibits the signal, while negative feedback enhances the signal in cell signaling.

Answer

Positive feedback reduces the signal, while negative feedback enhances the signal in cell signaling.

Question 23

What are the roles of ligands and receptors in cell communication?

Accepted Answer

Ligands bind to receptors to initiate cell communication.

Answer

Ligands repel receptors to inhibit cell communication.

Answer

Receptors bind to ligands to initiate cell communication.

Answer

Ligands and receptors have no role in cell communication.

Question 24

What are the different types of cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine signaling

Answer

Aerobic, anaerobic, and fermentation signaling

Answer

Sensory, motor, and cognitive signaling

Answer

Visual, auditory, and olfactory signaling

Question 25

What are the three stages of cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

Reception, transduction, and response

Answer

Input, output, feedback

Answer

Initiation, progression, completion

Answer

Inhibition, activation, termination

Question 26

What is the difference between autocrine and paracrine signaling?

Accepted Answer

Autocrine signaling occurs when a cell responds to signaling molecules that it produces itself, while paracrine signaling occurs when a cell responds to signaling molecules produced by nearby cells.

Answer

Autocrine signaling occurs between cells in different organisms, while paracrine signaling occurs within the same organism.

Answer

Autocrine signaling and paracrine signaling are the same thing.

Answer

Autocrine signaling occurs when a cell responds to signaling molecules produced by nearby cells, while paracrine signaling occurs when a cell responds to signaling molecules that it produces itself.

Question 27

Explain the concept of signal amplification in cell communication.

Accepted Answer

Signal amplification in cell communication is the process by which a single extracellular signaling molecule can lead to a large cellular response.

Answer

Signal amplification only occurs in plant cells, not animal cells.

Answer

Signal amplification is a slow process that does not lead to a large cellular response.

Answer

Signal amplification is the reduction of cellular response to extracellular signaling molecules.

Question 28

This diagram shows transduction of a signal. How is the signal being transduced to its target location in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are passing phosphate groups down a series of proteins

Answer

A hormone is binding to an intracellular protein receptor

Answer

Transport vesicles are passing neurotransmitters to neighboring cells

Answer

cAMP is formed activating a desired response

Question 29

cAMP is an example of a...

Accepted Answer

secondary messenger

Answer

ligand

Answer

receptor protein

Answer

target cell

Question 30

Why do hormones not affect every cell in the body when they are released?

Accepted Answer

A cell needs a specific receptor for the hormone to be affected

Answer

All cells are affected by a hormone when it is released

Answer

A cell must have the proper ATP levels to activate a cellular response

Answer

Cells need compatible DNA for the hormone to activate transcription of a gene

Question 31

Which of the following are enzymes that relay signals inside the cell by phosphorylating various molecules?

Accepted Answer

Protein Kinase

Answer

Protein Phosphatase

Answer

Receptors

Answer

Ligands

Question 32

Which of the following are enzymes that shut off pathways by dephosphorylating molecules?

Accepted Answer

Protein Phosphatase

Answer

Protein Kinase

Answer

Receptors

Answer

Ligands

Question 33

This is an example of

Accepted Answer

short distance signaling

Answer

long distance endocrine signaling

Answer

self signaling

Answer

direct contact signaling

Question 34

This is an example of

Accepted Answer

self signaling

Answer

short distance signaling

Answer

long distance endocrine signaling

Answer

direct contact signaling

Question 35

This is an example of

Accepted Answer

short distance signaling

Answer

long distance endocrine signaling

Answer

self signaling

Answer

direct contact signaling

Question 36

This is an example of

Accepted Answer

long distance endocrine signaling

Answer

short distance signaling

Answer

self signaling

Answer

direct contact signaling

Question 37

Type of cell signaling where the ligand is released and will affect cells in its "neighborhood"

Accepted Answer

short distance signaling

Answer

self signaling

Answer

direct contact signaling

Answer

long distance endocrine signaling

Question 38

Type of cell signaling where the ligand is produced at a location distant from its target cell(s)

Accepted Answer

long distance signaling

Answer

self signaling

Answer

direct contact signaling

Answer

short distance signaling

Question 39

What type of cell signal is shown in the figure to provide communication, affecting nearby cells in the same tissue or area?

Accepted Answer

short distance

Answer

self

Answer

direct contact

Answer

long distance

Question 40

How does an ion channel receptor transmit information across a membrane without physical transport of signaling molecules?

Accepted Answer

By changing conformation upon ligand binding which allows specific

ions through.

Answer

Transporting secondary messenger molecules into intracellular space.

Answer

Direct involvement in gene transcription similar to steroid receptors.

Answer

Using carrier proteins that shuttle signaling molecules across.

Question 41

How does signal amplification occur within a cell after it has received an external signal?

Accepted Answer

Activation of cascades involving multiple enzymes.

Answer

Increased mutation rates in response to environmental cues.

Answer

Reduction in chromosome number through meiosis.

Answer

Direct stimulation of DNA polymerase activity by external signals.

Question 42

In an experiment involving epidermal growth factor (EGF), researchers found that after EGF was added, there was an increase in cell division rates; this suggests EGF likely initiates which type of cellular sequence?

Accepted Answer

A signal transduction pathway promoting mitosis

Answer

A metabolic pathway increasing ATP synthesis for cellular functions

Answer

A differentiation pathway causing specialized cell types formation

Answer

Apoptotic signals resulting in programmed cell death

Question 43

Why are protein kinases critical components within many signal transduction pathways?

Accepted Answer

They phosphorylate other proteins, altering activity/function.

Answer

They produce cAMP from ATP upon activation.

Answer

They bind DNA directly and initiate transcription.

Answer

They act as second messengers inside target cells.

Question 44

Which of the following best describes the role of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in a typical G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathway?

Accepted Answer

Secondary messenger that amplifies the signal inside the cell.

Answer

Protein that transports ions across the cell membrane.

Answer

Receptor that binds to extracellular ligands.

Answer

Enzyme that directly deactivates the G-protein.

Question 45

Which of the following correctly describes the reception stage of this signal transduction pathway?

Accepted Answer

epinephrine binds to a g-protein coupled receptor protein present in the cell membrane

Answer

the g protein changes shape, is activated, activates adenyl cyclase, which activates cAMP, which activates protein kinases

Answer

protein kinases phosphoylate molecules

Answer

glycogen synthesis is inhibited and glycogen breakdown is promoted

Question 46

Phosphorylation cascades are often used for

Accepted Answer

amplification

Answer

reception

Answer

responses

Answer

termination

Question 47

How do steroid hormones transmit their signal inside a cell?

Accepted Answer

By entering the cell and directly binding to intracellular receptors

Answer

By binding to surface receptors and activating second messengers

Answer

By activating G proteins on the cell surface

Answer

By phosphorylating membrane proteins

Question 48

What answer choice is NOT one of the three steps of signal transduction?

Accepted Answer

signal feedback sent to deactivate hormone or environmental stimulus

Answer

a signaling molecule binding to a specific receptor

Answer

activation of a signal transduction pathway

Answer

production of a cellular response

Question 49

If the same signal causes a different response in two different cells, what proteins might be different between the two cells?

Accepted Answer

Signal Transduction Proteins

Answer

Receptor Protein

Answer

Second Messenger

Answer

Signal Molecule (ligand)

Question 50

Q2: When a cell releases a signal molecule into the environment and a number of cells in the immediate vicinity respond, this type of signaling is:

Accepted Answer

Paracrine signaling

Answer

Autocrine signaling

Answer

Endocrine signaling

Answer

Synaptic signaling

Question 51

What are receptors?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Answer

Catalyst

Answer

Enzymes

Answer

Lipids

Question 52

Q5: What are the three stages of cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

Reception

Accepted Answer

Transduction

Accepted Answer

Response

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

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