lecture 2 exam 2 (2nd half chap 4)

What are mutagens?

• Proteins that repair DNA

• Substances that cause mutations

• Enzymes that synthesize RNA

• Molecules that provide energy for cells

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What can ultraviolet radiation in sunlight cause in DNA?

• Insertion of an extra adenine

• Deletion of a base pair

• Formation of an extra chemical bond between adjacent thymines

• Conversion of DNA to RNA

What is the role of repair enzymes in DNA?

• To fix damage if it's not too severe

• To cause mutations

• To synthesize proteins

• To replicate RNA

What is an inborn error of metabolism?

• A temporary change in DNA structure

• A genetic trait that enhances metabolism

• A condition caused by excessive sun exposure

• A disorder from inheriting a mutation that alters an enzyme

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

How many ATP molecules are required to link each amino acid during protein synthesis?

• 2

• 5

• 1

• 3

What activates transcription factors?

• Extracellular signals such as hormones and growth factors

• Inborn errors of metabolism

• Mutagens

• Ultraviolet radiation

What is a mutation?

• A change in DNA due to an error during replication or damage

• A type of protein synthesis

• A type of enzyme

• A form of RNA

What can a mutation in the third base of a codon result in?

• A completely different protein

• A new chromosome

• A stop signal

• A codon for the same amino acid

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

• To provide energy for cell processes

• To align amino acids along the mRNA

• To replicate DNA

• To cause mutations

What is the genetic code described as 'degenerate'?

• Because an amino acid can be specified by more than one codon

• Because it causes mutations

• Because it is incomplete

• Because it is unstable