Thermochemistry of Solutions: 3 Steps of solution forming. 1. The solvent must ______ by overcoming its ___________ forces. This is an ________ process. 2. The solute must _____ by overcoming its ________ forces. This is an ________ process. 3. The solute and solvent _______ which is an _______ process.

expand, intermolecular, endothermic, expand, intermolecular, endothermic, recombine, exothermic

______ Process: Heat is _______ by the system from the surroundings. Enthalpy is _________. The products are _______ in energy than the reactants. Phase changes include: _____, _______, ________, and ________. This includes changes that involve ______.

Endothermic, absorbed, positive, higher, melting, boiling, vaporization, sublimation, breaking

______ Process: Heat is _______ by the system from the surroundings. Enthalpy is _________. The products are _______ in energy than the reactants. Phase changes include: _____, _______, ________. This includes changes that involve ______.

Exothermic, released, negative, lower, freezing, condensation, deposition, formations

Endothermic processes require energy. In an endothermic process like ________, particles ________ energy. This energy increases their ________ energy, causing them to ________ faster and ________ more. If enough energy is absorbed, particles can overcome ________ forces, leading to changes in state, such as ________ or ________.

heating, absorb, kinetic, move, vibrate, intermolecular, melting, evaporation

Substances at higher temperatures have _________ average kinetic energy than those at lower temperatures (recall from topic 3.5). When hotter particles collide with colder particles energy is __________ between them, this is called heat transfer, heat exchange, or transfer of energy as heat. This results in hotter particles losing some energy and colder substances increase in temperature. Heat is always transferred from ________ to _________ substances. When two substances results in the same temperature this is called ________ ____________ and the kinetic energy is the same

higher, transferred, hotter, colder, thermal equilibrium

There is a change in ___ ___ of the particles due to the change in temperature that occurs during these processes. This is shown as the areas with positive slopes on the heating of water curve. Heating a system results in the system having ___ energy because energy is flowing ___ the system, while cooling a system results in having ___ energy because energy is flowing ___ the system.

kinetic energy, greater, into, less, out

Fill in the blanks in order.

solid, melting, liquid, boiling, gas

Heat is ___ to break forces of attraction, they break during ___ and ___. Heat is ___ when forces of attraction are formed, they form during ___ and ___.

taken, melting, vaporization, released, freezing, condensation

Bond energy (bond ___) is the energy required to separate a ___ chemical ___. An increase in bond energy indicates ___ attractive forces and a ___ bond, determined by ___ forces.

enthalpy, covalent, bond, stronger, shorter, Coulombic

We can estimate the potential energy change for a reaction by adding up the ___ ___ for breaking all the ___ in the reactants and then ___ up the bond energies for making all bonds in the ___. Then you subtract ___ bonds from ___ to get the heat of reaction.

bond energies, bonds, adding, products, broken, formed

So ___ ___ is abbreviated as ▲H o ; The o tells us we are dealing with ___ state, which is 1 ___, 1 ___ and typically ___ K.

standard enthalpy, standard, mole, atm, 298

The ___ of formation at the standard state, △H o , is the ___ change that occurs with the formation of 1 ___ of a substance or ___.

enthalpy, energy, mole, compound

6: Thermochemistry

Authored by Lakshanya Prabhu

Chemistry

9th - 12th Grade

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Temperature changes in a system indicate a change in ________ .

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______ is the energy needed to move something against a force.

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6: Thermochemistry

Temperature changes in a system indicate a change in ________ .

_________ is the system and surroundings together.

energy : refers to the position/orientation of molecules and its bonds.
energy : refers to the speed of molecules based on temperature.

_____ is the amount of thermal energy transferred from something that is hotter to something that is colder. Units include _ or __.

Heat is the amount of thermal energy transferred from something that is hotter to something that is colder. Units include J or kJ.

Exothermic is the process when heat travels from __ to . This typically has a enthalpy.

Endothermic is the process when heat travels from __ to . This typically has a enthalpy.

______ is the energy needed to move something against a force.

System pushing on surroundings is _ work. Examples include gas expanding in a piston.
Surroundings pushing on system is _ work. Examples include gas compressing into a piston.

The two symbols for heat change are __ and _ .

Thermochemistry of Solutions:
3 Steps of solution forming.
1. The solvent must by overcoming its _ forces. This is an __ process.
2. The solute must _ by overcoming its __ forces. This is an process.
3. The solute and solvent _ which is an _____ process.

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6: Thermochemistry

Temperature changes in a system indicate a change in ________ .

_________ is the system and surroundings together.

______ energy : refers to the position/orientation of molecules and its bonds. ______ energy : refers to the speed of molecules based on temperature.

_____ is the amount of thermal energy transferred from something that is hotter to something that is colder. Units include _ or __.

Heat is the amount of thermal energy transferred from something that is hotter to something that is colder. Units include J or kJ.

Exothermic is the process when heat travels from ________ to ________. This typically has a ______ enthalpy.

Endothermic is the process when heat travels from ________ to ________. This typically has a ______ enthalpy.

______ is the energy needed to move something against a force.

System pushing on surroundings is _______ work. Examples include gas expanding in a piston. Surroundings pushing on system is _______ work. Examples include gas compressing into a piston.

The two symbols for heat change are __ and _ .

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energy : refers to the position/orientation of molecules and its bonds.
energy : refers to the speed of molecules based on temperature.

Exothermic is the process when heat travels from __ to . This typically has a enthalpy.

Endothermic is the process when heat travels from __ to . This typically has a enthalpy.

System pushing on surroundings is _ work. Examples include gas expanding in a piston.
Surroundings pushing on system is _ work. Examples include gas compressing into a piston.