Global History II Midterm Review

 How did access to waterways such as the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea help the Ottoman Empire to become wealthy and powerful? 

• Waterways provided the Ottoman Empire with agricultural resources.
• Access to waterways allowed the Ottoman Empire to control trade routes, enhance naval power, and increase wealth through trade.
• Access to waterways limited the Ottoman Empire's trade opportunities.
• Control of waterways led to a decline in naval power for the Ottoman Empire.

Why did the Ottoman Empire begin to lose territory between the 1800’s and 1913?

• The Ottoman Empire expanded its territory during this period.
• The empire was strengthened by alliances with other nations.
• Economic prosperity led to territorial gains.
• The Ottoman Empire lost territory due to internal strife, nationalist movements, military defeats, and European exploitation.

A reason for the decline of the Mughal Empire.

• Strong military presence
• Economic prosperity
• Cultural renaissance
• Internal strife, poor run government/

  leadership and weak economy.

How did the Tokugawa Shogunate gain and maintain power in Japan?

• Through democratic elections and popular support
• The Tokugawa Shogunate gained and maintained power through military conquest, centralized governance, social hierarchy, and isolationist policies.
• By forming alliances with foreign powers
• By promoting trade and cultural exchange with the West

How did King Louis XVI control and maintain power over the people of France?

• Through a system of checks and balances with the parliament
• By relying solely on popular support and public opinion
• By promoting democratic reforms and giving power to the people
• Through absolute monarchy, He spent the taxpayers (3rd Estate) money on luxuries and wars.  controlled the Nobles (elite class) by forcing them to spend time at the Palace of Versailles.

Montesquieu was an Enlightenment thinker who stressed the importance of...

• the separation of powers
• universal suffrage
• absolute monarchy
• the divine right of kings

John Locke was an Enlightenment thinker who stressed importance of...

• individual rights, Life, Liberty, Land, the government should protect these rights

• absolute monarchy
• collective ownership
• government control

Olympe de Gouges believed that....

• Olympe de Gouges advocated for the abolition of all rights.
• Olympe de Gouges believed in gender equality and women's rights.
• Olympe de Gouges believed in the superiority of men over women.
• Olympe de Gouges supported traditional gender roles.

How has nationalism impacted the development and unification of countries and regions?

• Nationalism has led to the decline of cultural identities in regions.
• Nationalism (having pride in your country) inspired leaders to overthrow their mother country and gain independence OR unite their country because of their shared culture, language, history etc

• Nationalism has no effect on the political boundaries of countries.
• Nationalism promotes globalism and international cooperation.

How did Nationalism affect Germany

• Nationalism had no significant impact on Germany's economy.
• Nationalism unified Germany and fueled militarism and imperialism.
• Nationalism led to the division of Germany into smaller states.
• Nationalism caused Germany to abandon its military ambitions.