Genetics/Evolution/Genetic engineering

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What is genetic engineering?

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The process of making changes in the DNA code of a living organism.

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What are variations in a species?

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The differences among individuals of a species, such as different bird beaks.

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What does it mean if a trait is dominant?

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A dominant trait is expressed in the phenotype even if only one copy of the allele is present.

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What is a genotype?

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The genetic makeup of an individual, represented by alleles (e.g., GG, gg).

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What is an allele?

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Different possibilities of a gene that determine specific traits.

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What is selective breeding?

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The process of breeding plants and animals for specific genetic traits.

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What is inbreeding?

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The mating of closely related individuals to maintain desired traits.

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What is hybridization?

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The crossing of two different species or varieties to produce a hybrid.

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What is a cladogram?

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A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among various biological species.

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How are birds related to other species according to cladograms?

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Birds are least related to species like sharks compared to other reptiles.