Exploring Hydrocarbons

What is the general formula for alkanes?

• CnH2n

• CnH2n-2

• C2nH2n+1

• CnH2n+2

Define alkenes and provide an example.

• Cyclohexane (C6H12)

• Butane (C4H10)

• Ethylene (C2H4)

• Propylene (C3H6)

What is a functional group in organic chemistry?

• A functional group is a category of organic compounds.

• A functional group is a specific group of atoms in organic chemistry that determines the chemical properties of a molecule.

• A functional group is a single atom in a molecule.

• A functional group is a type of chemical reaction.

Name two common functional groups found in hydrocarbons.

• Alcohols and ethers

• Alkenes and alkynes

• Aldehydes and ketones

• Esters and amides

What is isomerism and how does it apply to hydrocarbons?

• Isomerism only occurs in organic compounds with different molecular formulas.

• Isomerism in hydrocarbons occurs when compounds have the same molecular formula but different structures or arrangements, resulting in distinct properties.

• Isomerism refers to the ability of hydrocarbons to form multiple bonds.

• Isomerism is the process of hydrocarbons combining to form larger molecules.

Differentiate between structural isomers and geometric isomers.

• Structural isomers differ in connectivity; geometric isomers differ in spatial arrangement.

• Structural isomers differ in spatial arrangement; geometric isomers differ in connectivity.

• Structural isomers are always cyclic; geometric isomers are always acyclic.

• Geometric isomers have different molecular formulas; structural isomers have the same molecular formula.

What type of reaction do alkenes typically undergo?

• Substitution reactions

• Addition reactions

• Redox reactions

• Elimination reactions

Describe the process of hydrogenation in alkenes.

• Hydrogenation involves the removal of double bonds from alkanes, creating alkenes.

• Hydrogenation is the addition of hydrogen to alkenes, converting them into alkanes.

• Hydrogenation is the process of adding oxygen to alkenes, forming alcohols.

• Hydrogenation removes hydrogen from alkenes, turning them into alkenes.

What are the properties of alkanes?

• Alkanes are highly reactive and polar compounds.

• Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds, non-polar, low reactivity, low boiling/melting points, and less dense than water.

• Alkanes have high boiling and melting points.

• Alkanes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with double bonds.

How do the boiling points of alkanes change with increasing carbon chain length?

• The boiling points of alkanes remain constant regardless of carbon chain length.

• The boiling points of alkanes increase with increasing carbon chain length.

• The boiling points of alkanes decrease with increasing carbon chain length.

• The boiling points of alkanes fluctuate randomly with carbon chain length.