Biology Quiz

The various steps of binary fission in prokaryotes are shown in the image. Which statement BEST explains how binary fission maintains genetic continuity?

• A Two cells form, one genetically identical to the parent and one different from the parent.

• B Two cells form, each genetically identical to the other and to the parent.

• C Two cells form, each having half of the genetic content of the parent.

• D Two cells form, each having twice the genetic content of the parent.

The process of Cellular respiration includes glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. What could happen in a cell if a genetic mutation caused an interruption in the Krebs cycle?

• A The cell would use the ATP produced during glycolysis for energy.

• B The electron transport chain would not have the materials it needs to produce energy.

• C The electron transport chain would have to use the materials produced during glycolysis to make ATP.

• D The cell would use the ATP produced during glycolysis to convert pyruvic acid to citric acid and acetyl-CoA so that the NADH and FADH2 molecules can be sent to the electron transport chain.

Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles found in plant cells and some protist, animal, and bacterial cells. Which BEST explains how the vacuole functions within the plant cell to maintain homeostasis?

• The vacuole is able to absorb and/or release water through turgor pressure and works with the cell wall to influence the integrity of the cell.

• The vacuole is able to absorb and/or release proteins through turgor pressure and works with the cell wall to influence the integrity of the cell.

• The vacuole is able to provide instructions to the cell through turgor pressure and works with the cell wall to influence the integrity of the cell.

• The vacuole is able to break down sunlight that enters the cell through turgor pressure and works with the cell wall to influence the integrity of the cell.

Which explanation accurately describes one way in which pairs of organelles interact to maintain homeostasis within cells?

• Ribosomes produce carbohydrates that are sorted by the Golgi.

• Lysosomes contain enzymes that can digest the contents of vacuoles.

• Mitochondria store energy, and chloroplasts release energy for the cell.

• The cell membrane synthesizes the lipid components of the endoplasmic reticulum.

The movement of oxygen across the cell membrane is an example of which type of transport?

• active

• cotransport

• diffusion

• osmosis

One of the requirements of maintaining homeostasis in a cell is the regulation of materials that are allowed into and out of the cell. Which cell structure has a purpose MOST similar to the door of a building?

• A cell wall

• B cytoplasm

• C cytoskeleton

• D cell membrane

Kelly’s teacher asked the class to explain how the rough endoplasmic reticulum works with the nucleus to maintain homeostasis. Which student’s statement is BEST evaluated by the claim and why?

• A Kelly explained that pathogens can enter the nucleus through the nuclear membrane and that the rough endoplasmic reticulum sends messages in the form of enzymes to the nucleus to destroy them.

• B Jacob explained that when problems arise in protein synthesis the rough endoplasmic reticulum can signal the nucleus to regulate the production of proteins.

• C Kevin explained that the nucleus synthesizes lipids and sends them to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, where the lipids are packaged and sent out to the cell.

• D Sarah explained that the nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane that can be damaged by lysosomes and the rough endoplasmic reticulum moves along the membrane to repair it.

Which evidence BEST supports the argument that enzymes are catalysts that speed up reactions?

• Enzymes are large proteins that are reaction sites for any molecules.

• Reactants fit into active sites of enzymes to quickly react and make products.

• The enzyme is broken down during the course of the enzymatic reaction it catalyzes.

• Enzymes are made of sugar which gives them energy to make reactions occur more quickly.

A biology teacher placed a chicken egg in vinegar to dissolve the shell, exposing the cell membrane. The teacher then placed the egg in a solution of sodium chloride (salt) in water in order to demonstrate cellular transport. The teacher recorded the mass of the egg before and after placing it in salt water. What is the change in mass demonstrating?

• facilitated diffusion

• active transport

• filtration

• osmosis

James’ teacher mentioned that vesicles work with the cell membrane to transport enzymes and maintain homeostasis. Which statement correctly explains how the vesicle works with the cell membrane?

• Vesicles receive enzymes from the chloroplast where the vesicle then travels to the cell membrane to be released out of the cell.

• Vesicles receive enzymes from the cytoplasm where the vesicle then travels to the cell membrane to be released out of the cell.

• Vesicles receive enzymes from the mitochondria where the vesicle then travels to the cell membrane to be released out of the cell.

• Vesicles receive enzymes from the endoplasmic reticulum where the vesicle then travels to the cell membrane to be released out of the cell.