Physical Science Second Summative

Which concept explains why the Earth is not flat?

• Circular shadow during a lunar eclipse
• Solar eclipse
• Equinox

Answer explanation

Jupiter is a gas giant made primarily of hydrogen and helium. Unlike terrestrial planets that have solid surfaces, gas giants like Jupiter don't have a well-defined solid surface, allowing them to accumulate more mass in a gaseous form. This composition has allowed Jupiter to grow significantly larger than planets with solid surfaces.

What did Eratosthenes use to calculate the Earth's circumference?

• Shadows in Syene and Alexandria
• Solar eclipse
• Zodiac signs

What is the apparent daily motion of celestial objects across the sky?

• Diurnal motion
• Retrograde motion
• Annual motion

What model of the universe places the Earth at the center?

• Ptolemaic
• Copernican
• Keplerian

What is the heliocentric model of the solar system?

• Sun-centered
• Geo-heliocentric
• Earth-centered

Which astronomical phenomenon occurs during the full moon phase?

• Solar eclipse
• Lunar eclipse
• Equinox

Which celestial motion is linked to Earth’s revolution?

• Annual motion
• Diurnal motion
• Zodiac

What does the Law of Ellipses state?

• Orbits are elliptical, with the Sun at one focus
• Planets move fastest when farthest from the Sun
• Orbit time is proportional to orbit size

What describes the Law of Harmony?

• Equal areas swept in equal times
• Orbit time proportional to orbit size
• Sun at the center of elliptical orbits

Which model combines Earth-centric and Sun-centric features?

• Tychonic
• Ptolemaic
• Copernican