Geoscience

1. Which of the following is NOT a type of plate boundary?

• Divergent

• Convergent

• Transfrom

• Static

In which type of rock are fossils most commonly found?

• Igneous

• Metamorphic

• Sedimentary

• Volcanic

The process by which new oceanic crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges is called:

• Subduction

• Continental drift

• Seafloor spreading

• Metamorphism

Which geophysical method is most commonly used for deep subsurface imaging in oil and gas exploration?

• Magnetometry

• Seismic reflection

• Ground penetrating radar

• Gravity surveys

The Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho) marks the boundary between:

• The Earth's crust and mantle

• The Earth's lithosphere and asthenosphere

• The mantle and outer core

• The crust and outer core

What is the main difference between P-waves and S-waves?

• P-waves are compressional and can travel through both solids and liquids; S-waves are shear and can only travel through solids.

• P-waves are faster than S-waves and only travel through solids.

• S-waves are faster than P-waves and can travel through liquids.

• P-waves and S-waves are the same in all characteristics.

The process of mountain building, especially associated with plate collision, is called:

• Weathering

• Erosion

• Orogeny

• Subsidence

What is the process by which sedimentary rocks are formed?

• Compaction and cementation of sediments

• Cooling and crystallization of magma

• Compression of metamorphic rocks

• Solidification of lava flows

What is the primary purpose of well logging in geological studies?

• To identify the chemical composition of rocks

• To measure the electrical resistivity of the Earth

• To obtain continuous subsurface data of lithology, porosity, and fluid content

• To determine the seismic velocities of subsurface rocks

A gamma ray log is most useful for:

• Identifying the porosity of a reservoir rock

• Detecting the presence of hydrocarbons

• Differentiating between shales and non-shales

• Measuring the permeability of a rock