IA #2 Review 1

Charlotte and David are working on a school project about environmental conservation. They learn that one major contributor to global warming is an excessive increase in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. They wonder, if the number of living plants significantly increased,

• global warming might get worse because of the increase in carbon dioxide caused by plants.

• global warming might be reduced because of the decrease in carbon dioxide caused by photosynthesis.

• global warming might get worse because of the increase in oxygen caused by plants.

• there will be no impact on global warming.

Answer explanation

The correct choice is that global warming might be reduced because of the decrease in carbon dioxide caused by photosynthesis. Plants absorb CO2 and release oxygen, helping to mitigate global warming.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

What conclusion about the United States can be drawn based on the information included in the maps?

Answer explanation

The maps indicate demographic trends, economic data, or geographic features, suggesting that the United States has diverse regions with varying characteristics, impacting its social and economic landscape.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-1

Kai and Avery are studying different types of resources for their environmental science project. Which TWO questions would help them differentiate renewable and nonrenewable resources?

• Is the resource limited or endless?

• Is the resource naturally available or made by humans?

• Does the resource cause significant harm or no harm to the environment?

• Can the resource be reused or recycled?

• Does the resource require a large or small area for energy production?

Answer explanation

The questions 'Is the resource limited or endless?' and 'Is the resource naturally available or made by humans?' directly address the key differences between renewable (endless, naturally available) and nonrenewable resources.

Abigail and Mason are studying how modern factories and industrial plants have filters that remove much of the sulfur dioxide from their emissions before it reaches the atmosphere. This design feature helps most in reducing the contribution of factories to which environmental problem?

• Acid rain

• Habitat loss

• Coastline erosion

• Algal growth in lakes

Answer explanation

Filters in factories reduce sulfur dioxide emissions, which is a key contributor to acid rain. By removing this pollutant, the design feature helps mitigate the environmental problem of acid rain.

Aria is conducting an experiment with a sample of an unknown pure substance. The diagram shows the particles from one part of the sample. Which diagram most likely shows the particles in another part of the sample?

• Option A

• Option B

• Option C

• Option D

Answer explanation

Option C is correct because it likely represents the same pure substance as the original sample, showing consistent particle arrangement and characteristics, unlike the other options which depict different substances.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

Nora is conducting an experiment where all of the HCl and Zn will react to form H₂ and ZnCl₂.

• The hydrogen gas will have a mass of zero

• The zinc chloride will have less mass than the zinc

• The mass of the products will equal the mass of the reactants

• The mass of the hydrogen atoms will decrease in the products

Answer explanation

According to the law of conservation of mass, the total mass of reactants (HCl and Zn) must equal the total mass of products (H₂ and ZnCl₂). Therefore, the mass of the products will equal the mass of the reactants.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Aria and Avery were studying a food web showing some of the connections between organisms. If a disease decreased the population of cottontail rabbits for a short period of time, which animal populations would experience an increase in the competition with each other for food?

• Frogs and insects

• Hawks and coyotes

• Frogs and white-tailed deer

• White-tailed deer and coyotes

Answer explanation

With a decrease in cottontail rabbits, hawks and coyotes, which prey on them, would face increased competition for other food sources, as their primary prey is less available. This leads to heightened competition between these two predators.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

During a class discussion, Zoe mentioned that since the Industrial Revolution, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased significantly. Which of the following statements best explains this observation?

• Increased volcanic activity has released large amounts of carbon dioxide.

• Deforestation has reduced the capacity of forests to absorb carbon dioxide.

• Natural variations in Earth’s orbit have caused a warming trend.

• Solar flares have emitted more towards Earth.

Answer explanation

Deforestation reduces the number of trees that can absorb carbon dioxide, leading to higher concentrations in the atmosphere. This is a significant factor in the increase of carbon dioxide since the Industrial Revolution.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS2-6

NGSS.HS-ESS3-1

NGSS.HS-ESS3-5

Charlotte and Elijah were exploring a forest and found termites living in dead trees partially buried under soil and stones. Within the tree trunks, the termites feed on the wood floor, creating passageways having a high humidity. The wood fiber is digested by protozoans living within the digestive tract of the termite. What are the biotic factors in this habitat?

• Tree trunk, stones and protozoans

• Soil and humidity

• Termites, tree trunk and protozoans

• Humidity, soil and stones

Answer explanation

The biotic factors in this habitat include living organisms and their interactions. Termites and protozoans are living organisms, while the tree trunk is a part of the habitat they depend on. Thus, the correct choice is termites, tree trunk, and protozoans.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

A group of students are at summer camp. To start a fire, they need wood (C6H10O5), oxygen (O2) and energy. As the fire burns, it produces carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). Carbon dioxide and water are invisible, so the students cannot see them come off the fire.

Answer explanation

The students need wood (C6H10O5), oxygen (O2), and energy to start a fire. As it burns, it produces carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O), which are invisible, explaining why they cannot see these products.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS1-5