The Crusades: Causes and Effects

What was the primary goal of the Crusades initiated by the Christians of Europe?

• To reclaim Jerusalem and other holy lands from Muslim control

• To expand European territories into Asia

• To establish trade routes with the East

• To convert Muslims to Christianity

Which Crusade was considered a success for the European Christians?

• The First Crusade

• The Second Crusade

• The Third Crusade

• The Fourth Crusade

Who called for the First Crusade and promised forgiveness of sins for participants?

• Pope Urban II

• Pope Eugene III

• Byzantine Emperor

• Richard the Lionhearted

What was a significant effect of the Crusades on European society?

• Increase in trade and weakening of the feudal system

• Strengthening of the feudal system

• Decrease in trade and isolation from the East

• Complete control of the Holy Lands by Europeans

What was the outcome of the Third Crusade?

• A treaty allowing Muslims to retain control of Jerusalem while permitting Christians to visit safely

• Complete European control of Jerusalem

• Muslim conversion to Christianity

• Destruction of Jerusalem