pharm exam 1

Define Pharmacodynamics

• how the drug affects the body

• what happens to the drug inside the body

• the drug information

• dynamics of medication

Define Pharmacokinetics

• how the drug effects the body

• uses of a drug

• drug classes

• what happens to the drug inside the body

What are the 4 stages of pharmacokinetics (in order)

• absorption, distribution, metabolism

• absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

• distribution, absorption, metabolism, excretion

• distribution, metabolism, absorption, excretion

Factors affecting drug absorption:

• Route of administration

• pH/lonization

• Amount of fat at injection site

• Drug solubility

• Blood flow

Factors affecting drug distribution:

• Protein-binding capacity

• Local blood flow

• Membrane permeability

• Time of administration

0. Factors affecting drug metabolism:

• • Liver function

• Mood

• • Health/disease status

• First-pass effect

Factors affecting excretion:

• • Organ function

• • Kidney and Liver

• • Lungs

• Hunger

• •  Exocrine glands

Describe 1st pass effect:

• The liver activates some medication on their first pass through the liver, and this they require an non enteral route (sublingual, IV) because of their high first-pass effect

• The gallbladder inactivates some medication on their first pass through the liver, and this they require an non enteral route (sublingual, IV) because of their high first-pass effect

• The liver inactivates some medication on their first pass through the liver, and this they require an non enteral route (sublingual, IV) because of their high first-pass effect

• The kidney inactivates some medication on their first pass through the liver, and this they require an non enteral route (sublingual, IV) because of their high first-pass effect

define Potency

• the concentration/ dose of a drug required to produce 100% of that drug’s maximal effect

• the concentration/ dose of a drug required to produce 50% of that drug’s maximal effect

• the dose of a drug

• the drip rate of a drug

define Efficacy

• the minimum effect which can be expected from this drug

• the outcome of the drug

• the side effects of the drug

• the maximum effect which can be expected from this drug