Physiological Effects of CO2 Levels

To decrease the risk of vagal stimulation, intraabdomainal pressures should be kept below:

• 5 cmH2O

• 10 cmH2O

• 15cmH2O

• 20 cmH2O

Pressure control ventilation is preferred for robotic surgery because it (select 2)

• Increases compliance

• has no effect on compliance

• has no effect on compliance

• decreases peak airway pressures

Elevated CO2 levels will (select 2)

• Shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left

• Shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right

• Lead to the Haldane effect

• Lead to the Bohr effect

Increased CO2 from insufflation leads to (select 2)

• Cerebral vasoconstriction

• Cerebral vasodilation

• Pulmonary vasoconstriction

• Pulmonary vasodilation

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is a mechanism that:

• Increases blood flow to areas of the lung that are ventilating normally

• Increases blood flow to areas of the lung that are not ventilating normally

• Can lead to pulmonary edema if not treated promptly

• Decreases anesthetic effects

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Hypercapnia will lead to (select 2)

• Respiratory acidosis

• Respiratory alkalosis

• Increased myocyte contractility

• Decreased myocyte contractility

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Ischemic optic neuropathy most commonly occurs in which position?

• Lithotomy

• Prone

• Trendelenburg

• Reverse Trendelenburg

Which intraoperative complication can cause unilateral blindness?

• Ischemic optic neuropathy

• Retinoblastoma

• Macular degeneration

• Central retinal artery occlusion

What changes occur during Trendelenburg positioning? (select 2)

• Increased preload

• Decreased SVR

• Increased intraocular pressure

• Decreased cerebral blood flow

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Which of the following is true about ischemic optic neuropathy? (select 2)

• Presents within 48-72 hours after surgery

• Presents within 24-48 hours after surgery

• Characterized by painful vision loss

• Characterized by painless vision loss