HMH ESS 3.2.1

Early humans used the materials around them to fashion tools. Available materials included trees, rock, plants, minerals, and animal remains. ​ (a)   ​ ​ rock and minerals were important for grinding, hammering, and making weapons. Because quartzite fractures to form ​​ (b)   edges when it breaks, this stone was very useful for making ​ (c)   and spears.

• sharp
• hard
• knives
• soft
• rounded
• hammers

Native Americans used a variety of rock and mineral resources. Match the materials to their properties.

• quartzite

• dark grey, sedimentary form of quartz that splits thin and sharp used for weapons or to spark fires

• flint

• malleable element used to make fishhooks, spear points, and jewelry

• igneous cobbles

• hard, metamorphic rock used for knives and spears

• native copper

• igneous rock found along streams and the edge of glaciers, used for grinding and hammering

What country mines all 6 of the metals listed for the map?

• China

• Russia

• Australia

• United States

What countries have platinum as their biggest/only metal mined.

• South Aftica

• Russia

• Zimbabwe

• Canada

How many countries provide the majority of the world's aluminum?

• 10

• 8

• 11

• 9

From 2005 to 2009, China was the world’s largest producer of

​ (a)   . The metal that China does not mine is ​ (b)   . China may consider purchasing this metal from another country, such as ​ (c)   .

• metals
• platinum
• South Africa
• mines
• Russia
• nickel
• aluminum
• Ukraine
• Mexico

From which of these countries does the United States import the greatest amount of mineral resources?

• Mexico

• China

• Germany

• Brazil

Organize these options into the right categories

Groups:

(a) Human

,

(b) Natural

• labor costs and development of transportation systems

  • human

  • natural

  
  

• laws, treaties, and political situations

  
  

• geographic location, which can influence trade systems

  
  

• technology and methods of exploration

  
  

• demand

• location of the resource: surface or underground

  
  

• abundance, natural distribution, and availability of the resource