Movements, Revolutions, Wars

What practice of the Catholic Church sparked Martin Luther's criticism and the Protestant Reformation?

• Construction of cathedrals

• Selling indulgences

• Translation of the Bible

• Appointment of bishops

What were indulgences believed to do?

• Indulgences were believed to reduce punishment for sins and shorten time in purgatory.
• Indulgences were seen as a way to allow priests to marry

• Indulgences were believed to grant eternal life.
• Indulgences were thought to increase sinfulness.

What did Martin Luther do in 1517 to express his objections to Church practices?

• Published a book on salvation

• Posted the Ninety-Five Theses

• Led a rebellion against the Pope

• Founded the Jesuit order

Which of the following was NOT one of Martin Luther’s main ideas?

• Salvation is achieved through faith alone.

• Priests and the Pope are false authorities.

• Good works are necessary for salvation.

• • All people with faith are equal.

What was King Henry VIII’s main reason for breaking with the Catholic Church?

• A dispute over indulgences

• The Pope's refusal to annul his marriage

• Belief in salvation through faith alone

• • A desire to promote Protestantism

What was the Catholic Church’s response to the Protestant Reformation called?

• The Act of Supremacy

• The Counter-Reformation

• The Renaissance

• The Great Schism

What was a significant political effect of the Reformation?

• Strengthening the Pope’s authority

• Weakening secular rulers

• Strengthening secular rulers and promoting nation-states

• • Uniting Europe under a single church

What was one major cultural outcome of the Reformation?

• It led to the decline of secular rulers.

• It preserved Europe’s religious unity.

• It laid the groundwork for a cultural shift away from Christian belief.

• • It brought an end to wars in Europe.

What was one reason for the rapid spread of Protestant ideas in the 16th century?

• Support from the Catholic Church

• The printing press allowed wide dissemination of Luther’s writings

• The Pope encouraged religious debate

• Protestantism aligned with medieval traditions

What did the Protestant Reformation ultimately lead to in Europe?

• Increased unity among Christian nations

• Religious wars between Catholics and Protestants

• The abolition of monarchy in many nations

• The end of religious authority