AP Government Topic 1.7

Which of the following forms of financial aid from the national government gives the states the broadest discretion in the spending of money?

• Categorical grants-in-aid

• Foreign aid

• Unfunded mandates

• Block grants

Which of the following is the best example of a categorical grant?

• Money given to states for special education programs

• Money given to individuals in the form of tax rebates

• Money given to states unconditionally

• Money given to states to spend at their discretion on transportation

• Money given directly to private business for economic development

The Tenth Amendment to the Constitution has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to

• prevent states from taxing agencies of the federal government

• reserve powers to the states

• restrict the application of judicial review

• allow for the burning of the flag as an expression of protest

Which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of the political cartoon?

• State governments have used the Tenth Amendment to override the federal government’s mandates.

• State governments are unwilling to share their budgetary surpluses with other states.

• State governments prefer federal funding but do not want federal oversight over how the money is spent.

• The fiscal irresponsibility of state governments has led to increased federal regulation on their budgetary priorities.

Which of the following policies would the states most likely prefer according to the political cartoon?

• Federal mandates

• Regulatory preemption

• Block grants

• Categorical grants

Which of the following characteristics best explains the data on the map?

• The exclusive powers granted to the states in the Constitution allow them to determine health-care policy.

• Federalism creates differences between states on the implementation of health-care policy.

• The Tenth Amendment instructs Congress to make laws but guarantees the rights of states to implement federal policies, such as health-care policy.

• The incorporation of the Fourteenth Amendment has allowed the federal government to guarantee health care to all citizens, but some citizens may opt out.

Which of the following powers allows both the federal and state governments to make policies involving taxation?

• Concurrent powers

• Exclusive powers

• Implied powers

• Enumerated powers

The reserved powers of the state governments can best be described as those powers

• not specifically granted to the national government or denied to the states.

• implied in the Fifth Amendment

• listed specifically in the Tenth Amendment

• exercised by both national and state governments

• granted to states as part of the implied powers doctrine

States and localities have the most discretion in establishing policy when federal funding is derived from

• categorical grants

• block grants

• project grants

• grants-in-aid

Which of the following actions by the federal government best illustrates the concept of unfunded mandates?

• Requiring that polling booths remain open beyond the hours of the workday

• Requiring states and municipalities to provide certain services for their citizens without providing resources to pay for those services