Correlations

What is the primary aim of a correlational study?

• To determine cause and effect

• To investigate the relationship between co-variables

• To test the effectiveness of an intervention

• To explore participants' subjective experiences

Which of the following is an example of a positive correlation?

• The more you study, the lower your grades.

• The less exercise you do, the fitter you are.

• The taller a person is, the larger their shoe size.

• The more you eat, the fewer calories you consume.

In correlational studies, what are the variables called?

• Independent variables

• Dependent variables

• Co-variables

• Extraneous variables

Which research method would you use to investigate cause and effect?

• Experiment

• Case study

• Correlational study

• Observational study

A correlation coefficient of -0.85 suggests:

• A weak positive correlation

• A strong positive correlation

• A strong negative correlation

• No correlation

What kind of hypothesis predicts a specific direction in a correlation?

• Null hypothesis

• Two-tailed hypothesis

• One-tailed hypothesis

• Alternative hypothesis

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of correlation studies?

• They help identify cause and effect.

• They can act as a starting point for further research.

• They are useful when variables cannot be manipulated.

• They can reveal the strength and direction of relationships.

What type of data is typically used in a correlation study?

• Qualitative data

• Nominal data

• Ordinal or interval data

• Unstructured data

A scattergraph with points forming an upward trend indicates:

• Negative correlation

• Positive correlation

• No correlation

• Curvilinear correlation

Which of these statements describes a null hypothesis in a correlation study?

• "There will be no significant correlation between co-variables X and Y."

• "There will be a positive correlation between co-variables X and Y."

• "Co-variable X affects co-variable Y."

• "There will be a statistically significant relationship between X and Y."