Exploring Gas Properties and Energy

Plan an investigation to determine how the volume of a gas changes with temperature in a closed system. Which of the following variables should be kept constant during the investigation?

• Pressure

• Temperature

• Volume

• Density

Which of the following best describes the particle arrangement in a solid compared to a gas?

• Particles in a solid are more spread out than in a gas.

• Particles in a solid are tightly packed and vibrate in place, while particles in a gas are far apart and move freely.

• Particles in a solid move freely, while particles in a gas are tightly packed.

• Particles in a solid and gas have the same arrangement.

Explain how energy is transformed in a system when a ball is dropped from a height.

• Potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy as the ball falls.

• Kinetic energy is transformed into potential energy as the ball falls.

• Thermal energy is transformed into potential energy as the ball falls.

• Chemical energy is transformed into kinetic energy as the ball falls.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-2

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Design an experiment to demonstrate how molecular motion changes with thermal energy during conduction. Which of the following materials would be best to use as a conductor?

• Wood

• Plastic

• Metal

• Glass

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Analyze the specific heat data of water and aluminum. Which material would be more suitable for a cooking vessel and why?

• Water, because it has a higher specific heat and retains heat longer.

• Aluminum, because it has a lower specific heat and heats up quickly.

• Water, because it has a lower specific heat and heats up quickly.

• Aluminum, because it has a higher specific heat and retains heat longer.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Which of the following best describes the relationship between pressure and volume in a closed gas system at constant temperature?

• As pressure increases, volume increases.

• As pressure decreases, volume decreases.

• As pressure increases, volume decreases.

• Pressure and volume are not related.

Compare the motion of particles in a liquid to those in a plasma. Which statement is correct?

• Particles in a liquid move more freely than in a plasma.

• Particles in a plasma are more tightly packed than in a liquid.

• Particles in a liquid are more tightly packed and move less freely than in a plasma.

• Particles in a liquid and plasma have the same motion.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Construct an explanation for the energy transformation that occurs when a car engine burns fuel.

• Chemical energy is transformed into thermal energy and then into mechanical energy.

• Thermal energy is transformed into chemical energy and then into mechanical energy.

• Mechanical energy is transformed into chemical energy and then into thermal energy.

• Chemical energy is transformed directly into mechanical energy.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Plan an investigation to observe how molecular motion changes with thermal energy during convection. Which of the following setups would best demonstrate this?

• Heating a metal rod at one end.

• Boiling water in a pot and observing the movement of water.

• Placing a thermometer in a refrigerator.

• Using a fan to blow air across a room.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Interpret the specific heat data of copper and iron. Which material would be more suitable for an insulator and why?

• Copper, because it has a higher specific heat and retains heat longer.

• Iron, because it has a lower specific heat and heats up quickly.

• Copper, because it has a lower specific heat and heats up quickly.

• Iron, because it has a higher specific heat and retains heat longer.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4