Biology Keystone Review Module A #1

Which characteristic is shared by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

• have organ systems

• make their own food

• contain genetic material

• need oxygen gas to breathe

Which statement best explains why carbon is able to form a large number of different molecules?

• Carbon forms only ionic bonds.

• Carbon can form only ring structures.

• Carbon can form four covalent bonds.

• Carbon forms small, simple structures.

Which statement correctly describes how a protein is formed?

• A monosaccharide bonded to a side chain is broken apart.

• Amino acids are bonded together in a long chain to form a new molecule.

• A molecule containing glycerol bonded to three fatty acids is broken apart.

• A nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group combine to form a new molecule.

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Which action must occur for an enzyme to catalyze a chemical reaction?

• A competitive inhibitor must first bind to an active site.

• A substrate must bind to an active site of the enzyme.

• A substrate must bind to an allosteric site of the enzyme.

• A noncompetitive inhibitor must first bind to an active site.

Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down lipids in the digestive system of humans. It functions best at a pH range of 4.0 to 5.0. When a person takes an antacid tablet to relieve heartburn, the antacid increases the pH to around 7 in certain areas of the digestive system. Which initial effect would most likely be caused by a change in pH?

• More lipids would be digested.

• Fewer lipids would be digested.

• The production of lipase molecules would increase.

• The production of lipase molecules would decrease.

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Use the lists below to answer the question. Cell Structures Observed in Two Organisms Cell Structures in Organism 1 Cell: cell wall • endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi body • chloroplasts • mitochondria • nucleus • ribosomes • vacuole Structures in Organism 2: • cell membrane • endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi body • mitochondria • nucleus • ribosomes Which statement describes the most likely difference in the way that organism 1 and organism 2 obtain energy?

• Only organism 1 uses solar energy to make energy-rich compounds.

• Only organism 1 stores solar energy until it is needed for its life processes.

• Only organism 2 produces molecules for long-term energy storage.

• Only organism 2 transforms food energy into ATP during cellular respiration.

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A cell in the leaf of a green plant performs both photosynthesis and cellular respiration, often at the same time. Which statement best describes how these processes are related to each other?

• Both processes produce carbon dioxide.

• Both processes require energy directly from the Sun.

• Products of one process are used as some of the reactants for the other process.

• Thermal energy from one process is used as the energy source for the other process.

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A scientist observed that during the course of a chemical reaction the number of ATP molecules was reduced. What did the scientist most likely learn from the observation?

• The reaction produced water.

• The reaction consumed water.

• The reaction caused an output of energy.

• The reaction required an input of energy.

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Which statement best describes how channel and carrier proteins in the plasma membrane are similar?

• Both allow for the flow of molecules into and out of a cell.

• Both directly connect the membrane to the nucleus of a cell.

• Both use energy to continuously move water molecules out of a cell.

• Both cause the phospholipid bilayer to form a rigid membrane for a cell.

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NGSS.HS-LS2-3

Which process is primarily responsible for the production of oxygen in the atmosphere?

• Glycolysis

• Photosynthesis

• Cellular respiration

• Fermentation

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