M4L4 Review

How could President Harry Truman's Cold War policy best be summarized?

• • Provide economic support for the Soviet Union first and democracy will follow second. 

• • Support capitalism in Western Europe while holding back communism in Eastern Europe.

• • Extend capitalism and democracy into Eastern Europe. 

• • Demonstrate military preparedness and economics will be irrelevant. 

All of the following statements are true about the Marshall Plan except

• • America was hoping that Marshall Plan funding would create long-term allies in Europe.

• • One of the goals of Marshall Plan funding was to create prosperous future trading partners. 

• • Financially depleted after World War II, the Soviet Union was forced to accept Marshall Plan funding for Eastern satellite states. 

• • The United States offered Marshall Plan funding to both Western and Eastern European countries. 

Read the excerpt from George F. Kennan's article on the containment doctrine (1947). According to Kennan, which of the following best summarizes the Soviet view on past colonial possessions? 

• • The sooner they become free and independent democracies, the more rapidly they will enjoy economic recovery. 

• • Colonization of global people has been a necessary step on the path to global communism. 

• • They must be educated rapidly so that they might be in a better position to shape their national self-determination. 

• • The Soviets are eager to help dismantle colonial possessions in order to acquire them as communist-friendly states. 

Read the excerpt from George F. Kennan's article on the containment doctrine (1947). In terms of willingness to apply force, what is Kennan's assertion about the Soviet state? 

• • Unlike the fascists of Germany, the Soviet Union will likely withdraw from a region once it meets stern resistance. 

• • The Soviet Union is highly aware that post-war American demobilization has left the Soviet Union a far stronger nation militarily. 

• • America must be ready at any time to apply the full measure of its force, even to the point of using nuclear weapons. 

• • The Soviet Union is a society that maintains aggressive militarism at its fundamental roots. 

Read the excerpt from Joseph McCarthy's speech on the spread of communism in the United States (1950). According to McCarthy, who are the most likely individuals to spread communist ideology in the United States? 

• • Members of unfortunate minority groups. 

• • Powerful members of labor organizations. 

• • College educated members of the privileged classes. 

• • Foreign agents trained to infilitrate American society. 

Joseph Stalin felt justified in maintaining Soviet control of Eastern Europe for all of the following reasons except

• • A high percentage of the population was Slavic or Russian already. 

• • By maintaining control of the region, he could spread his communist vision. 

• • He needed the region as a buffer against future invasion by the West.

• • The United States had promised that he could influence the region after the war. 

The term Cold War is best described as 

• • America's continued diplomatic struggle with the Soviet Union, a nation situated in the "cold" North. 

• • A war of military cooperation dominated by Atlantic alliance nations associated with the "cold" North Atlantic. 

• • A global ideological and political struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union that did not "heat up" into a nuclear crisis. 

• • A war of public opinion where each of the superpowers gave a "cold" reception to the other's ideology. 

Korea was initially split into North Korea and South Korea 

• • After World War II when the United States and the Soviet Union each retained half of the liberated country. 

• • After the Communist Revolution in China and Mao Zedong's expansion of a sphere of influence into North Korea. 

• • When the United Nations sought to create its "Two Koreas" program, honoring both capitalism and communism. 

• • When communist revolutionaries attempted to seize control of the government in the 1940s. 

The U.S. got involved in the Korean War when

• • North Korea invaded South Korea. 

• • The UN refused to recognize the North Korean government. 

• • The Soviets refused to hold elections in North Korea. 

• • The North Koreans took control of Seoul.

The American goal of creating a unified Korea failed largely because 

• • Communist China invaded North Korea and drove back South Korean and United Nations forces. 

• • The governments of North Korea and South Korea refused to take part in peace negotiations. 

• • The North Korean populace was highly sympathetic to communist ideology. 

• • The Soviet Union threatened a military invasion that would have escalated into a dangerous global conflict.