poli sci exam prep

Which of the following is a key characteristic of a communist government?

• A focus on private ownership and free markets

• • Economic inequality is inevitable

  
  

• The means of production are communally owned and controlled

• Strong emphasis on individual freedom and economic competition

In which political system does a monarch hold absolute power and the right to rule is often justified by divine right?

• Communism

• Socialism

• Monarchy

• Democracy

Which economic system is characterized by private ownership of the means of production and a focus on maximizing profit through competition?

• Socialism

• Communism

• Capitalism

• Feudalism

What is the role of the 'Politburo' in China's government?

• It is responsible for managing the economy and resource distribution.

• It is the executive branch that handles the day-to-day affairs of the state.

• It is a group of key party members who make all major political decisions.

• It is the judicial body that oversees legal disputes and ensures fairness.

Which philosopher advocated for the idea of a 'social contract' in which individuals give up certain freedoms to a monarch in exchange for protection, arguing that people are inherently violent without a strong ruler?

• John Locke

• Thomas Hobbes

• Montesquieu

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Which of the following is a major disadvantage of a pure capitalist system?

• Lack of innovation

• Economic inequality and exploitation of workers

• State control over production

• No competition between businesses

In the context of Marxist theory, what is 'surplus value'?

• The extra wealth generated by an economy's overall growth

• The value added by workers that is not compensated in their wages

• The profit earned by business owners in a perfectly competitive market

• • The government’s surplus after taxing wealthy individuals

  
  

Which of the following best describes a key difference between socialism and communism?

• Socialism allows for private ownership, while communism does not.

• • Socialism is focused on individual rights, while communism focuses on state control.

  
  

• Socialism emphasizes the equality of society through redistribution of wealth, while communism abolishes the state entirely.

• Socialism is based on free-market principles, while communism is not.

Match the government system with its description.

• socialism

• A system based on private ownership, competition, and profit maximization in a free market.

• monarchy

• • A political system where power is passed through royal bloodlines, often justified by divine right.

• communism

• A system where production and profits are largely controlled by the public or government, with a focus on meeting social needs rather than individual profit.

• capitalism

• A classless society where all property and resources are communally owned and distributed based on individual need.

True or False: In a democracy, the government is required to act in the best interest of the majority while protecting individual rights.

• true

• false