a branch of electrical engineering that deals with controlling and converting

electrical energy using various electronic components

• Power Electronics
• Circuit Design
• Signal Processing
• Electromagnetic Theory

are electronic components that control the flow of electrical current

• Wires and connectors
• Light bulbs and switches
• Batteries and power supplies
• Semiconductor devices

Allow current to flow in one direction; used for rectification and signal modulation

• Transistor
• Resistor
• Capacitor
• Diodes

Act as amplifiers or switches

• Diodes
• Resistors
• Capacitors
• Transistors

Act as amplifiers or switches

• Diodes
• Resistors
• Capacitors
• Transistors

Combine multiple electronic components on a single chip

• Integrated Circuits (IC)

• Transistor
• Capacitor
• Resistor

Convert light into electrical current

• Photodiodes

• Capacitor
• Generator
• Battery

Emit light when current flows through them

• Inductors
• Capacitors
• Resistors
• Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)

a four-layered semiconductor device made up of alternating P-type

and N-type materials (PNPN structure)

• Resistors

• Diodes

• Transistors

• Thyristors

Switch or amplify electrical signals.

• MOSFETs (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors)

• Transformers and relays
• Diodes and inductors
• Resistors and capacitors