Chapter 11-13 Test Study Guide

What does the occurrence of earthquakes indicate about plate tectonics? 

• Plate tectonics are stationary.

• Plate tectonics are irrelevant to earthquakes.

• Plates are moving gradually causing seismic activity.

• Earthquakes prevent the movement of tectonic plates.

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What does the slowing down of seismic waves detected by seismographs likely imply?

• a sudden shift in the Earth's tectonic plates

• the encounter of a solid layer in the Earth's structure

• the presence of a dense material like nickel-iron alloy

• the passage through a liquid region in the planet's structure

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Base on seismographic data, which layer of the Earth would most probably cause S-waves to disappear?

• the outer core

• the inner core

• the lithosphere

• the asthenosphere

The theory of plate tectonics provides an explanation for the pattern of earthquakes along fault zones. What is this explanation? 

• Plate movements along faults cause earthquakes.

• Earthquakes create fault zones as earth's crust breaks apart.

• Earthquakes are random events unrelated to plate boundaries.

• Magma from volcanoes seeps into faults triggering earthquakes.

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The diagram shows the movement of tectonic plates.

What will most likely happen as a result of the plate movement shown in the diagram?

• Volcanoes will form.

• Faults will be produced.

• A new crust will be created.

• The old crust will be destroyed.

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The diagram shows the distribution of volcanic activities along the west coast of South America.

Which two factors below best explain why most of these volcanoes occur along the continent's western edge?

• Continent-continent collision is leading to the formation of volcanic arcs.

• The oceanic Nazca Plate is subducting under the South American Plate.

• The presence of the Andes Mountain range is a result of tectonic plate interactions.

• There is partial melting of the subducted plate, and overlying mantle produces magma.

• There is an abundance of transform plate boundaries, causing frequent volcanic eruptions.

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Seismographs are effective for understanding:

• the layers of the Earth's interior

• tracking fish on the floor of the ocean

• the composition of the outer atmosphere

• forecasting the strength and path of hurricanes

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Which type of seismic waves provide valuable data about the Earth's core structure?

• mechanical waves

• transverse waves

• primary and secondary waves

• love waves and rayleigh waves

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The Pacific Ring of Fire is a belt notorious for its:

• presence of icebergs

• prevalence of cyclones

• abundance of tropical rainforests

• high frequency of earthquakes and volcanoes

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The connection between plate tectonics and the occurrence of volcanoes is that: 

• all the mountains around the world will eventually become active volcanoes.

• the majority of volcanoes form at or near the boundaries of Earth's tectonic plates. 

• volcanoes, regardless of the geographic location, randomly erupt on all continents.

• volcano activity will more frequently occur within the geographical regions of the southern hemisphere.

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