What is syntax in programming languages?

• A) The meaning of code

• B) The structure and rules of code

• C) The execution of code

• D) The data types used in code

What is the main difference between syntax and semantics?

• A) Syntax is the structure, and semantics is the meaning

• B) Syntax is the meaning, and semantics is the structure

• C) Syntax is the execution, and semantics is the data type

• D) Syntax and semantics are the same

Which formal method is used to define the syntax of programming languages?

• A) Denotational semantics

• B) Context-free grammars

• C) Operational semantics

• D) Axiomatic semantics

What is the role of Backus-Naur Form (BNF) in programming languages?

• A) To provide a formal way to define syntax

• B) To execute the code

• C) To define the semantics

• D) To manage memory

In the expression 5 + (3 - 1) * 4, which operation is performed first according to syntax rules?

• A) Addition

• B) Subtraction

• C) Multiplication

• D) Parentheses

What is parsing in the context of programming languages?

• A) Executing code

• B) Analyzing a sequence of tokens to determine its grammatical structure

• C) Defining variables

• D) Managing memory

Which of the following is a type of parsing technique?

• A) Top-down parsing

• B) Bottom-up parsing

• C) Both A and B

• D) Neither A nor B

What does operational semantics describe?

• A) How a program executes on a machine

• B) The mathematical meaning of code

• C) The logical assertions of code

• D) The syntax of code

Which type of semantics maps programming constructs to mathematical objects?

• A) Operational semantics

• B) Denotational semantics

• C) Axiomatic semantics

• D) None of the above

What is the purpose of axiomatic semantics?

• A) To describe how a program executes

• B) To map constructs to mathematical objects

• C) To use logical assertions to describe behavior

• D) To define syntax rules