What is malware?

• Malware is a type of hardware used for computing.

• Malware is a security protocol for protecting data.

• Malware is malicious software intended to damage or disrupt systems.

• Malware is software that enhances system performance.

Answer explanation

Malware, short for malicious software, is specifically designed to harm or disrupt computer systems. The correct choice accurately defines malware as software intended to cause damage, unlike the other options which misrepresent its nature.

Name three types of malware.

• Adware

• Spyware

• Trojan Horse

• Viruses, Worms, Ransomware

Answer explanation

The correct answer includes Viruses, Worms, and Ransomware, which are all types of malware. Adware and Spyware are also malware but not included in the correct answer. Trojan Horse is a specific type of malware, not a category.

What is a worm in the context of computer security?

• A worm is a software that protects against viruses.

• A worm is a user interface for managing files.

• A worm is a type of hardware that enhances computer performance.

• A worm is a self-replicating malware that spreads across networks.

Answer explanation

A worm is a type of malware that can replicate itself and spread across networks without user intervention, making it distinct from other software types. The correct choice highlights this self-replicating nature.

How does a Trojan horse differ from a virus?

• A Trojan horse is a type of virus that spreads through email attachments.

• A Trojan horse is always harmful, while a virus can be harmless.

• A Trojan horse is disguised as legitimate software, while a virus replicates itself and spreads automatically.

• A Trojan horse can replicate itself like a virus does.

Answer explanation

A Trojan horse is disguised as legitimate software, tricking users into installing it, while a virus replicates itself and spreads automatically without user intervention. This distinction is key in understanding their different behaviors.

What are the main risks to internet privacy?

• Strong passwords prevent all privacy risks

• Using a VPN eliminates all online threats

• Main risks to internet privacy include data breaches, government and corporate surveillance, advertising tracking, phishing attacks, and insecure networks.

• Social media accounts are completely secure

Answer explanation

The correct choice identifies key risks to internet privacy, such as data breaches and surveillance, which are significant threats. Other options incorrectly suggest that strong passwords or VPNs can eliminate all risks, which is not true.

What is phishing and how does it work?

• Phishing is a type of software that protects against cyber attacks.

• Phishing is a method of securing sensitive information through encrypted emails.

• Phishing involves sending legitimate communications to verify user identity.

• Phishing is a cyber attack that deceives individuals into revealing sensitive information by using fake communications that appear legitimate.

Answer explanation

Phishing is a cyber attack that tricks individuals into disclosing sensitive information by using fraudulent communications that mimic legitimate sources, making the correct choice the one that accurately describes this deceptive practice.

What role does antivirus software play in cybersecurity?

• Antivirus software detects, prevents, and removes malware to protect systems and networks.

• Antivirus software only enhances internet speed.

• Antivirus software is used to manage user passwords.

• Antivirus software primarily focuses on data backup.

Answer explanation

Antivirus software is essential in cybersecurity as it detects, prevents, and removes malware, thereby protecting systems and networks from various threats. The other options do not accurately describe its primary function.

Can malware be spread through email attachments?

• Yes, malware can be spread through email attachments.

• Malware cannot be spread through any digital communication.

• Email attachments are completely safe from malware.

• Malware can only be spread through downloads.

Answer explanation

Yes, malware can indeed be spread through email attachments. Many cybercriminals use this method to deliver malicious software, making it crucial to be cautious when opening attachments from unknown sources.

What is ransomware and how does it affect users?

• Ransomware is a type of antivirus software that protects user data.

• Ransomware is a hardware malfunction that causes data loss.

• Ransomware is malicious software that encrypts files and demands a ransom for access, affecting users by locking them out of their data.

• Ransomware is a legal software that helps users recover lost files.

Answer explanation

Ransomware is a type of malicious software that encrypts users' files, making them inaccessible. It demands a ransom for decryption, effectively locking users out of their own data, which can lead to significant data loss and disruption.

How can users protect their privacy online?

• Use strong passwords, enable two-factor authentication, and be cautious with personal information.

• Disable all security features on devices

• Share all personal information publicly

• Use the same password for all accounts

Answer explanation

To protect privacy online, users should use strong passwords, enable two-factor authentication, and be cautious with personal information. The other options compromise security and privacy.