Recap on biological positivism

Who is regarded as the "father of modern criminology" and what was his key contribution?

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What physical traits did Lombroso associate with 'born criminals'?

• Sharp eyes and tall height

• Sloping forehead and large jaw

• Symmetrical face and short arms

• Small hands and wide nose

Which century did the theory of biological positivism emerge?

• 17th century

• 18th century

• 19th century

• 20th century

What did Enrico Ferri propose about the causes of crime?

• It is purely biological.

• It is a result of natural instincts.

• It is shaped by individual and societal conditions.

• It is caused solely by environmental factors.

What is the 'warrior gene,' and how is it related to crime?

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What is the concordance rate in twin studies, and what does it suggest about criminal behaviour?

• Identical twins always become criminals.

• Concordance is higher in non-identical twins.

• Identical twins show higher concordance rates for criminality than non-identical twins, suggesting a genetic component.

• Twins share the same environment, so biology doesn’t matter.

What is one criticism of biological positivism?

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What did Raffaele Garofalo mean by "natural crime"?

• Crimes that violate man-made laws.

• Crimes that violate basic human sentiments of pity and probity.

• Crimes that are part of human evolution.

• Crimes that occur in natural environments.

What role do biochemical factors play in biological positivism?

• They determine intelligence.

• They have no influence on crime.

• Hormones and neurotransmitters can influence behaviour and aggression.

• They only affect physical traits.

What is a key weakness of focusing solely on biological factors in preventing crime?

• It doesn’t address root causes such as social and economic conditions.

• It’s too difficult to understand biological factors.

• It ignores any genetic influences.

• It blames the individual for all crimes.