Recap on biological positivism

Who is regarded as the "father of modern criminology" and what was his key contribution?

What physical traits did Lombroso associate with 'born criminals'?

• Sharp eyes and tall height

• Sloping forehead and large jaw

• Symmetrical face and short arms

• Small hands and wide nose

Which century did the theory of biological positivism emerge?

• 17th century

• 18th century

• 19th century

• 20th century

What did Enrico Ferri propose about the causes of crime?

• It is purely biological.

• It is a result of natural instincts.

• It is shaped by individual and societal conditions.

• It is caused solely by environmental factors.

What is the 'warrior gene,' called and how is it related to crime?

What is the concordance rate in twin studies, and what does it suggest about criminal behaviour?

• Identical twins always become criminals.

• Concordance is higher in non-identical twins.

• Identical twins show higher concordance rates for criminality than non-identical twins, suggesting a genetic component.

• Twins share the same environment, so biology doesn’t matter.

What is one criticism of biological positivism?

What did Raffaele Garofalo mean by "natural crime"?

• Crimes that violate man-made laws.

• Crimes that violate basic human sentiments of pity and probity.

• Crimes that are part of human evolution.

• Crimes that occur in natural environments.

What role do biochemical factors play in biological positivism?

• They determine intelligence.

• They have no influence on crime.

• Hormones and neurotransmitters can influence behaviour and aggression.

• They only affect physical traits.

What is a key weakness of focusing solely on biological factors in preventing crime?

• It doesn’t address root causes such as social and economic conditions.

• It’s too difficult to understand biological factors.

• It ignores any genetic influences.

• It blames the individual for all crimes.