Exploring Alkanols in Grade 12 Chemistry

What are the general properties of alkanols?

• Alkanols are non-polar compounds with no functional groups.

• Alkanols are only found in gaseous form at room temperature.

• Alkanols have lower boiling points than alkanes and are insoluble in water.

• Alkanols are polar compounds with hydroxyl groups, higher boiling points than alkanes, and varying solubility in water.

How does the boiling point of alkanols change with molecular weight?

• The boiling point of alkanols decreases with molecular weight.

• The boiling point of alkanols increases with molecular weight.

• The boiling point of alkanols is unrelated to molecular weight.

• The boiling point of alkanols remains constant regardless of molecular weight.

What is the primary reaction of alkanols with sodium?

• The reaction produces sodium hydroxide and water.

• The primary reaction of alkanols with sodium is the formation of sodium alkoxide and hydrogen gas.

• The primary reaction is the formation of sodium carbonate and oxygen.

• Alkanols do not react with sodium at all.

Describe the dehydration reaction of alkanols.

• The dehydration of alkanols produces alkenes and water.

• The dehydration of alkanols produces alcohols and carbon dioxide.

• The dehydration of alkanols results in the formation of ethers and hydrogen gas.

• The dehydration of alkanols yields ketones and ammonia.

What is the significance of the hydroxyl group in alkanols?

• The hydroxyl group is crucial for the properties and reactivity of alkanols.

• The hydroxyl group is only important in carbohydrates.

• The hydroxyl group makes alkanols non-polar.

• The hydroxyl group is irrelevant to alkanols.

List three common uses of alkanols in everyday life.

• Construction materials

• Textile dyes

• Food preservatives

• 1. Solvents in cleaning products, 2. Fuels in engines, 3. Ingredients in personal care products

What is the IUPAC naming convention for alkanols?

• Alkanols are named by counting the number of -OH groups and using the suffix '-ol' for each.

• Alkanols are named by identifying the shortest carbon chain and using the suffix '-ol' for the -OH group.

• Alkanols are named by using the prefix 'alk-' and the suffix '-ane'.

• Alkanols are named by identifying the longest carbon chain with the -OH group, numbering it for the lowest -OH position, and using the suffix '-ol'.

How do you name a branched-chain alkanol?

• Branches are named in reverse alphabetical order.

• The name of a branched-chain alkanol is derived from the longest carbon chain with the -OH group, numbered for lowest position, with branches named and ordered alphabetically.

• The longest chain is not considered in naming.

• The name is based solely on the -OH group position.

What is structural isomerism in alkanols?

• Structural isomerism only occurs in cyclic compounds, not in alkanols.

• Structural isomerism in alkanols refers to compounds with different molecular formulas.

• Structural isomerism in alkanols refers to the existence of compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements, affecting the position of the -OH group or the carbon skeleton.

• Structural isomerism involves the same structural arrangement but different molecular weights.

Explain the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary alkanols.

• Secondary alkanols have the -OH group on a carbon bonded to one carbon.

• Tertiary alkanols have the -OH group on a carbon bonded to two carbons.

• Primary alkanols have the -OH group on a carbon bonded to one carbon, secondary alkanols have it on a carbon bonded to two carbons, and tertiary alkanols have it on a carbon bonded to three carbons.

• Primary alkanols have the -OH group on a carbon bonded to three carbons.