Understanding Communication and Memory Protocols

What is the primary purpose of communication protocols in networking?

• To increase the speed of data transmission

• To ensure reliable and standardized communication between devices

• To reduce the cost of network infrastructure

• To enhance the security of data storage

Which of the following best describes a protocol stack?

• A single protocol used for all types of communication

• A set of protocols that work together to handle different aspects of communication

• A hardware device that manages network traffic

• A software application for data encryption

Which layer of the TCP/IP model is responsible for routing packets across networks?

• Application Layer

• Transport Layer

• Internet Layer

• Network Interface Layer

In a half adder circuit, what are the two outputs generated from the addition of two bits?

• Sum and Difference

• Sum and Carry

• Product and Quotient

• Sum and Product

How does a full adder circuit differ from a half adder circuit?

• It can add three bits and provides a carry input

• It only adds two bits without a carry input

• It multiplies two bits

• It divides two bits

What is the main difference between paging and segmentation in memory management?

• Paging divides memory into variable-sized blocks, while segmentation uses fixed-sized blocks

• Paging uses fixed-sized blocks, while segmentation divides memory into variable-sized blocks

• Both paging and segmentation use fixed-sized blocks

• Both paging and segmentation use variable-sized blocks

What is virtual memory?

• Physical memory that is not used by the operating system

• A memory management technique that gives an application the impression it has contiguous working memory

• A type of memory used exclusively for graphics processing

• A hardware component that increases RAM capacity

Which of the following is a common method for page replacement in virtual memory systems?

• First-In-First-Out (FIFO)

• Last-In-First-Out (LIFO)

• Random Replacement

• Alphabetical Replacement

What is disk thrashing?

• A process where the hard disk is physically damaged

• A situation where excessive paging operations cause a significant slowdown in system performance

• A method of securely erasing data from a disk

• A technique for optimizing disk storage

What is a virtual machine?

• A physical computer that runs multiple operating systems simultaneously

• A software emulation of a physical computer

• A type of cloud storage service

• A hardware device used for network routing