UNIT 1 MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTUREprocessor-S6

What are the main types of computers?

• Personal computers, laptops, servers, mainframes, supercomputers

• Smartphones

• Tablets

• Embedded systems

Describe the evolution of microprocessors.

• Microprocessors have only evolved to 64-bit architectures without multi-core designs.

• The evolution of microprocessors has remained static since the 1990s.

• The evolution of microprocessors began with the Intel 4004 in the early 1970s, progressing through 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, and into multi-core architectures, leading to today's highly integrated and specialized processors.

• The first microprocessor was developed in the 1980s by AMD.

What is the architecture of the 8086 microprocessor?

• The architecture of the 8086 microprocessor is a 32-bit flat architecture.

• The architecture of the 8086 microprocessor is a 16-bit segmented architecture.

• The architecture of the 8086 microprocessor is a 16-bit linear architecture.

• The architecture of the 8086 microprocessor is an 8-bit segmented architecture.

Explain the programming methods used with the 8086.

• Object-oriented programming techniques

• Functional programming paradigms

• The programming methods used with the 8086 include assembly language programming, high-level language programming, and macro assembly.

• Visual programming environments

What are the common program development tools for 8086?

• Compilers like GCC

• Text editors such as Notepad

• Assemblers, debuggers, emulators (e.g., MASM, TASM, DEBUG, DOSBox)

• Web browsers like Chrome

Define interrupts in the context of microprocessors.

• Interrupts are permanent changes in the microprocessor's operations.

• Interrupts are signals that enhance the microprocessor's speed.

• Interrupts are commands that increase the power consumption of the microprocessor.

• Interrupts are signals that temporarily halt the microprocessor's operations to address urgent tasks or events.

What is an interrupt service procedure?

• A function that executes system calls.

• A method for optimizing CPU performance.

• A procedure that manages memory allocation.

• An interrupt service procedure is a function that handles interrupts in a computer system.

List the key signals generated by the 8086 microprocessor.

• INT, IRQ, HOLD

• BUSY, READY, S0

• CLK, RESET, NMI

• ALE, DEN, DT/R, IO/M, INTA, WR, RD, M/IO, HLDA, RQ/GT0, RQ/GT1

What are the basic configurations of the 8086 system?

• CPU, hard drive, network interface, and power supply

• CPU, graphics card, sound card, and motherboard

• CPU, memory, input/output devices, and system bus

• CPU, RAM, software applications, and cooling system

How are system connections established in an 8086 setup?

• Connections are made through wireless signals exclusively.

• System connections in an 8086 setup are established via address and data buses, along with control signals.

• Data is transferred via optical fibers without any buses.

• System connections are established using only power cables.