Flood Management

What is hard engineering in the context of flood management?

• Using natural processes to manage floods

• Involves man-made structures to prevent or control natural processes

• Relies on community-based solutions

• Depends on weather predictions

What is a common hard engineering option to manage flooding?

• Planting more trees

• Building dams and reservoirs

• Reducing urban development

• Increasing rainfall

What is one function of dams and reservoirs?

• They increase the risk of drought

• They are used for flood prevention

• They are only used for recreation

• They decrease water supply

What is a potential downside of constructing dams?

• They are inexpensive

• They require no maintenance

• They can be controversial and flood large areas of land

• They are always welcomed by local communities

What is the shape of the concrete-lined channel mentioned in the diagram?

• Rectangular

• Circular

• Semi-circular

• Triangular

What is the main purpose of hard engineering structures in towns or cities?

• To enhance the natural beauty

• To prevent flooding of valuable property

• To increase recreational areas

• To slow down river flow

What is the process of planting trees to establish a woodland or forest called?

• Deforestation

• Reforestation

• Afforestation

• Urbanization

What does floodplain zoning restrict?

• Water flow speed

• Land uses on the floodplain

• Tree planting

• River restoration

What is the effect of floodplain zoning on high-value land uses?

• It encourages them near the river

• It keeps them clear of areas at risk from flooding

• It increases their risk of flooding

• It has no effect

What is one of the natural processes used in river restoration?

• Building artificial channels

• Using meanders and wetlands

• Constructing levees

• Increasing water flow speed