Tectonic Processes and Volcanoes

A scientist is studying the Hawaiian Islands formed in the Pacific Ocean. The islands are arranged in a straight line, with the oldest island farthest from an active volcano. Which tectonic process is responsible for this feature?

• A. Divergence of tectonic plates at a rift

• B. Movement of a plate over a hot spot

• C. Collision of plates at a subduction zone

• D. Plates sliding past each other along a boundary

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The image below shows the locations of volcanoes (red triangles) in relation to tectonic plate boundaries in the Pacific Ocean. Which statement best explains the distribution of volcanoes shown in the image?

• A. Volcanoes form randomly across tectonic plates.

• B. The Pacific plate is the only plate that can support volcanic activity.

• C. Volcanoes only form at divergent boundaries in the ocean.

• D. Most volcanoes occur along plate boundaries, with some exceptions within plates.

Geologists are studying the formation of the Aleutian Islands in Alaska. Which plate tectonic process is primarily responsible for the volcanic activity in the Aleutian Islands?

• Divergent boundary spreading

• Transform fault movement

• Subduction of oceanic crust

• Continental rifting

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Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of hot spot volcanism?

• Formation of a chain of volcanoes

• Movement of volcanoes relative to the plate

• Magma generated from subducting oceanic crust

• Volcanoes can form within tectonic plates

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-5

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Which statement correctly matches these volcanoes to their likely tectonic settings?

• Mount Fuji: hot spot; Kilauea: convergent boundary; Vesuvius: divergent boundary

• Mount Fuji: convergent boundary; Kilauea: hot spot; Vesuvius: convergent boundary

• Mount Fuji: divergent boundary; Kilauea: transform boundary; Vesuvius: hot spot

• Mount Fuji: transform boundary; Kilauea: convergent boundary; Vesuvius: divergent boundary

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NGSS.HS-ESS2-1

Compare and contrast a volcano formed at a subduction zone, a super volcano formed at a subduction zone, and the Hawaiian Islands formed by hot spots.

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