Cultural Patterns and Processes

Based on the map, which of the following languages are most likely to be spoken in counties where 60 percent or more of residents spoke a language other than English at home?

• French and French Creole languages

• Spanish and American Indian languages

• German and Dutch

• Russian and Hindi

• Chinese and Arabic

Which of the following correctly pairs a global religion described with its hearth region of origin?

• Buddhism and East Asia

• Christianity and Latin America

• Islam and Central Asia

• Hinduism and South Asia

• Judaism and Eastern Europe

Compared to folk culture, which of the following is true about popular culture?

• Popular culture changes slowly over time.

• Popular culture encourages regional diversity.

• Popular culture represents cultural homogeneity.

• Popular culture emphasizes non-Western values.

• Popular culture distinguishes a minority group from a larger population.

Which of the following pieces of pop culture had a hearth in the United States and spread through hierarchical diffusion?

• Marvel movies

• Rap music

• McDonald's

• Social media

• Walmart

Which of the following examples best explains the effects which sequent occupancy have on a cultural landscape?

• Ancient Romans conquering the city of Athens and building Roman infrastructure has left the city with very Romanized architecture.

• The occupation of Singapore by the Japanese Empire and later the British Empire has resulted in Singapore having a significant amount of Japanese and British infrastructure in addition to its own Singaporean infrastructure.

• The Islamic expansion of the 7th century along with the spread of British missionaries throughout Africa have resulted in the people of what is now South Sudan to have a high religious diversity.

• The French and British occupation of present day U.S. has resulted in many Native American tribes going extinct.

• The occupation of Mexico by many different cultures has resulted in a very unique cultural landscape.

Which of the following is not an example of a centripetal force that one may find in India?

• Hinduism

• Tamil

• South Indian cuisine

• Caste System

• Taj Mahal

Which of the following is not true regarding ethnocentrism?

• Ethnocentrism has been a leading cause for blockbusting and environmental injustice in urban areas.

• Ethnocentrism does not only include negative regards to a group of people by others, but also positive ones.

• Ethnocentrism is a leading cause for centrifugal forces and ethnic separatism within countries.

• Ethnocentrism has led to a decline in relocation diffusion of folk culture over expansion diffusion.

• Ethnocentrism is not judging a group of people by their own standards, but one’s own culture or another culture

Which of the following is the most likely explanation for how this Halloween festival functions as a centripetal force in the town's cultural landscape?

• It integrates ethnic differences by encouraging unique costume traditions based on each group's heritage.

• It encourages economic activity by attracting tourists, leading to a temporary rise in town cohesion.

• It strengthens social bonds by providing a shared cultural event celebrated by communities of all types.

• It isolates the town from neighboring communities by emphasizing local traditions over diverse regional connections.

• It amplifies existing cultural tensions by promoting a single dominant culture's traditions, marginalizing others.

Image 1: Barnback in Ireland

Image 2: Cooked nuts in Scotland

The images on the left show two foods frequently cooked and consumed on Halloween in the United Kingdom. What type of diffusion of Halloween culture is being shown?

• Stimulus

• Hierarchical

• Reverse hierarchical

• Relocation

• Contagious

Which of the following is least likely to explain an association between colonization and languages spoken across different areas of the contemporary African continent?

• Various areas were barely impacted by European movements and settlement, resulting in primary prominence of native African linguistics.

• Post-independent governments often emphasize the revival of indigenous languages part of support for a national identity.

• Social movements within previously colonized African civilizations often promote teaching indigenous culture, including language, in educational facilities.

• European loan-words historically emerged in indigenous African vocabulary and later experienced widespread use during European colonization.

• European colonial languages have become official languages in numerous African countries, retaining their statuses in many societies.