Which of the following best defines an operating system?

• A software that manages hardware and software resources in a computer system

• A compiler that converts high-level programs into machine code

• A program that performs arithmetic calculations

• A database system used for data storage

Which characteristic distinguishes an operating system as a real-time operating system (RTOS)?

• Multithreading

• Guaranteed response within strict time constraints

• Advanced security features

• Virtual memory management

Which generation of operating systems introduced the concept of multiprogramming?

• First-generation

• Second-generation

• Third-generation

• Fourth-generation

In a distributed operating system, which of the following is true?

• All resources are centrally located.

• The system is tightly coupled.

• The system ensures transparency in resource sharing.

• Only batch jobs are executed.

Which type of operating system is best suited for embedded systems?

• Batch OS

• Real-Time OS

• Distributed OS

• Time-Sharing OS

Which of the following is NOT a function of an operating system?

• Process scheduling

• File system management

• Networking

• Application debugging

In the layered structure of an operating system, which layer is responsible for hardware interaction?

• Application layer

• Kernel layer

• Device driver layer

• User interface layer

Which is a major drawback of the monolithic kernel design?

• High communication overhead between components

• Lack of modularity and security

• Limited access to hardware resources

• Inability to implement virtual memory

Which of the following is a key characteristic of a microkernel?

• All OS services are run in kernel mode.

• Only critical services run in kernel mode, with the rest in user mode.

• Monolithic structure with no modularity.

• Completely hardware-independent.

Which of the following best describes a virtual machine?

• A physical abstraction of hardware

• Software that emulates hardware and executes guest operating systems

• An extension of the kernel to manage resources

• A technique used in process scheduling