Qualitative and Quantitative Probability

A bag contains 20 pink candies, 8 red candies, and 12 green candies. Without looking, Sarah pulls out a piece of candy. Which color of candy is least likely to be pulled out?

• Pink

• Red

• Green

Monica and Simone are playing a game using a number cube. The number cube is numbered 1 through 6. Monica needs to roll an odd number to win. Simone needs to roll an even number to win. What is the probability of Simone winning compared to Monica’s probability of winning?

• The chance of Simone winning is greater compared to Monica

• The chance of Simone winning is less than compared to Monica

• The chance of Simone winning is equal compared to Monica

A number cube is labeled 1 to 6. Richard will roll the number cube 500 times and record the results. About how many times could Richard expect to roll an even number?

• 200 times

• 250 times

• 300 times

• 350 times

Hannah will roll a number cube, labeled 1 through 6, 300 times. About how many times could Hannah expect to roll a number less than or equal to 4?

• 150

• 50

• 200

• 100

Vy is shopping for a car. It comes in red, blue, or silver. She can also choose a 2-door and 4-door version along with a manual or automatic transmission. What is the theoretical probability that Vy will pick 4-door car, automatic transmission and it being red or blue?

Mathematical Equivalence

ON

In a certain population of birds, about 40 percent of the birds have a wingspan greater than 10 inches. Biologists studying the birds will create a simulation with random numbers to estimate the probability of finding 1 bird in a sample of 6 birds with a wingspan greater than 10 inches. Which of the following assignments of the digits 0 to 9 will model the population?

• Let the even digits represent birds with a wingspan greater than 10 inches and the odd digits represent birds with a wingspan less than or equal to 10 inches.

• Let the digits 0 and 1 represent birds with a wingspan greater than 10 inches and the remaining digits represent birds with a wingspan less than or equal to 10 inches.

• Let the digits from 0 to 2 represent birds with a wingspan greater than 10 inches and the remaining digits represent birds with a wingspan less than or equal to 10 inches.

• Let the digits from 0 to 3 represent birds with a wingspan greater than 10 inches and the remaining digits represent birds with a wingspan less than or equal to 10 inches.

• Let the digits from 0 to 4 represent birds with a wingspan greater than 10 inches and the remaining digits represent birds with a wingspan less than or equal to 10 inches.

A sports bag contains 3 tennis balls, 4 baseballs, and 8 golf balls. Each is equally likely to be chosen. Which of the following models could be used to simulate this situation?

• flipping a coin fifteen times

• spinning a spinner with three equal sections

• choosing from 3 red marbles, 4 yellow marbles, and 8 blue marbles

• rolling a number cube labeled one through six fifteen times

Greg has four different colored cards in a box: yellow, red, blue, and green. He randomly selects one card, records the color, and then replaces the card in the box. If Greg does this 300 times, how many yellow cards should he expect to select?

• 50

• 75

• 100

• 150

A number cube has sides labeled 1 to 6. Sue will roll the cube 48 times. How many times should Sue expect to roll a 5?

• 8

• 6

• 12

• 4

In a factory, a sample of 40 light bulbs was selected from a box of 800 light bulbs. In the sample, 2 light bulbs would not work. Based on this sample, how many non-working light bulbs would be expected in the group of 800 light bulbs?

• 15

• 25

• 30

• 40