Simulate Chance Events

The ___________ of any outcome of a chance process is a number between 0 and 1 that describes the proportion of times the outcome would occur in a very long series of repetitions.

• probability

• randomness

• sample space

• trial

__________ is the imitation of chance behavior, based on a model that accurately reflects the situation.

• Probability

• Simulation

• Randomness

• Repetition

The questions on a multiple choice test each have 6 answer choices. Which model can be used to simulate randomly selecting the correct answer on a 20 question multiple choice test?

• rolling a six-sided number cube 6 times

• rolling a six-sided number cube 20 times

• spinning a spinner with 4 equal sized sections 4 times

• choosing 1 marble in a bag of 20 different colored marbles

If you are spinning a color wheel with seven colors on it and you have 100 spins to get a red.  After 99 spins you have gotten every color but red.  What is the chance you will spin a red on the 100th spin?

• 1

• 1/100

• 6/7

• 1/7

About 7% of men in the United States have some form of red-green color blindness.  Suppose we want to simulate randomly selecting 4 U.S. adult males to determine the probability that at least one is red-green color-blind.  Which of these are correct assignments of digits for this simulation?  

• 0-7 = color-blind, 8-9 = not color-blind

• 1-6 = color-blind, 7-10 = not color-blind

• 01-07 = color-blind, 08-99&00 = not color-blind 

• 00-10 = color-blind, 11-99 = not color-blind

What is the probability that a student does not play on a sports team? 

• .5

• .45

• .55

• .15

Dr. Stats plans to toss a fair coin 10,000 times in the hope that it will lead him to a deeper understanding of the laws of probability. Which of the following statements is true?

• It is unlikely that Dr. Stats will get more than 5000 heads.

• Whenever Dr. Stats gets a string of 15 tails in a row, it becomes more likely that the next toss will be a head.

• The fraction of tosses resulting in heads should be exactly 1/2.

• The chance that the 100th toss will be a head depends somewhat on the results of the first 99 tosses.

• It is likely that Dr. Stats will get about 50% heads

China has 1.2 billion people. Marketers want to know which international brands they have heard of. A large study showed that 62% of all Chinese adults have heard of Coca-Cola. You want to simulate choosing a Chinese at random and asking if he or she has heard of Coca-Cola. One correct way to assign random digits to simulate the answer is:

• One digit simulates one person’s answer; odd means “Yes” and even means “No.”

• One digit simulates one person’s answer; 0 to 6 mean “Yes” and 7 to 9 mean “No.”

• One digit simulates the result; 0 to 9 tells how many in the sample said “Yes.”

• Two digits simulate one person’s answer; 00 to 61 mean “Yes” and 62 to 99 mean “No.”

• Two digits simulate one person’s answer; 00 to 62 mean “Yes” and 63 to 99 mean “No.”

Choose an American household at random and record the number of vehicles they own. A housing company builds houses with two-car garages. What percent of households have more cars than the garage can hold?

Here is the probability model if we ignore the few households that own more than 5 cars:

• 7%

• 13%

• 20%

• 45%

• 55%

A deck of playing cards has 52 cards, of which 12 are face cards. If you shuffle the deck well and turn over the top 3 cards, one after the other, what’s the probability that all 3 are face cards?

• 0.001

• 0.005

• 0.010

• 0.012

• 0.02