Gene mutation

What is a gene mutation?

• A change in RNA structure

• A modification in the sequence of DNA

• A change in protein structure

• An alteration in the number of genes

What type of mutation replaces one nucleotide with another?

• Insertion

• Deletion

• Substitution

• Frameshift

What happens when a mutation alters a protein’s structure?

• It may affect its function

• It always enhances its function

• It prevents protein synthesis

• It never affects function

What is a frameshift mutation?

• A mutation that shifts the entire reading frame

• A substitution of a single base pair

• A silent mutation

• A mutation that has no effect on protein function

Which mutation leads to premature stop codons?

• Missense mutation

• Silent mutation

• Nonsense mutation

• Insertion mutation

What mechanism corrects mismatched DNA base pairs?

• DNA polymerase proofreading

• Frameshift correction

• Nonsense suppression

• Protein folding

Germline mutations:

• • Affect only somatic cells

• Are inherited by offspring

• Occur in the nervous system

• Are temporary and reversible

What is an example of a disorder caused by an inherited gene mutation?

• Influenza

• Sickle cell anemia

• Lung cancer

• Diabetes type 2

Somatic mutations are associated with:

• Evolution

• Cancer development

• Aging

• All of the above

Which emerging technology allows precise gene editing?

• PCR

• Next-generation sequencing

• CRISPR-Cas9

• Gel electrophoresis