Chapter 8 + 9 Quiz (Industrialization/Westward Expansion)

How did the spread of railroads after the Civil War help accelerate industrialization?

• Railroads led urban workers to migrate to rural farms.

• Railroads stimulated steamship travel along America’s inland rivers.

• Railroads caused cotton and rice production to move to the Pacific Northwest.

• Railroads encouraged the growth of cities and the creation of a national market.

How did the growth of the steel industry affect the U.S. economy?

• Steel replaced wood, iron, and glass in most everyday household goods.

• Americans became dependent on foreign suppliers to obtain more steel.

• Cheaper steel made it possible to build more railroads, bridges, ships, and tall buildings.

• Steel workers organized into labor unions and received higher wages after several successful strikes.

How did the railroad industry most help the oil industry?

• Crude oil could be transported cheaply to refineries, while processed kerosene could be transported to markets.

• Railroads purchased vast amounts of oil to power their steam locomotives.

• Oil could be drilled on any land owned by the railroad companies for no charge.

• Railroad companies cleared out the American Indians who were, therefore, unable to attack the oil companies.

What was the significance of Andrew Carnegie to the industrial development of the United States?

• He supported labor unions and raised his workers’ wages.

• He introduced pipelines instead of railroad cars to transport oil.

• He financed the first transcontinental railroad, allowing rail travel coast to coast.

• He adopted the Bessemer process and other new techniques to mass‐produce steel at lower cost.

What did the inventions of the railroad, telephone, and electric light bulb all lead to?

• Loss of states’ rights

• Rise of national markets

• Decrease in foreign imports

• Weakening of the federal government

How were Ellis Island and Angel Island similar?

• Both facilities were located in New York City.

• Only immigrants with families were taken to these facilities.

• Immigrants coming from Eastern Europe and Asia received identical treatment.

• Both facilities held new immigrants until they could be cleared for entry into the United States.

Why were immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe in the late 19th century welcomed by industrialists?

• The immigrants found it difficult to learn English and assimilate.

• The immigrants voted for candidates from the local political machine.

• The immigrants lived in tenements with other people from the same background.

• The immigrants were willing to work for lower wages than most other workers.

An immigrant arriving from which country would most likely be processed at Angel Island?

• China

• Italy

• England

• Russia

What workers were responsible for most of the construction of the transcontinental railroad?

• Irish and Chinese

• Native American

• African American or Black

• German and English

In the late 19th century, the invention of the first gasoline‐powered tractor allowed farmers to grow more wheat on the Great Plains. What did this farming innovation contribute to?

• An increase in the buffalo population, as it made more food available for them to graze on.

• The elimination of the Plains Indians, as their land was taken over by farmers.

• The expansion of slavery, as more free labor was needed on the larger farms.

• An obesity pandemic, as most Americans now had a surplus of food to eat.