4.5.1 AP Lang Midterm Review

tthe use of exaggeration, irony, humor, or ridicule to indirectly reveal the shortcomings or even vices of society often with the ultimate goal of awareness or improvementor improvement

• mockery

• satire

• hyperbole

• parody

a type of logical fallacy in which speaker addresses the character of the opponent in order to avoid discussing the topic at hand​

• ad populum

• ad hominem

• appeals to false authority

• straw man

a type of logical fallacy in which a speaker presents an oversimplified or ridiculous representation of an opponent’s claim in order to refute it​; rebutting an argument by misconstruing it

• ad hominem

• ad populum

• straw man

• non sequitor

a type of reasoning that takes several particular cases or data points and use those data points to help make a broader generalization

• logical fallacy

• syllogism

• deductive reasoning

• inductive reasoning

a type of reasoning that starts with a big idea, general principle, or universal truth and then applies that more significant idea to a specific case

• syllogism

• logical fallacy

• deductive reasoning

• inductive reasoning

Elephants have cells in their bodies.

All cells have DNA.

Therefore, all elephants have DNA.

• inductive

• deductive

85% percent of people report feeling less stressed after they have slept for a full eight hours.

When the human body is stressed, its ability to fight off bacteria and viruses is reduced.

91% of people report a direct connection between their stress level and their happiness.

Therefore, for people to be healthier and happier, everyone should get a full eight hours of sleep a night.

• inductive reasoning

• deductive reasoning

in written composition, an attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience that is generally conveyed through the choice of words or the viewpoint of a

writer on a particular subject

• diction

• syntax

• tone

• rhetoric

the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing

• diction

• denotation

• syntax

• connotation

the comparison of two things, which are alike in several respects, for the purpose of explaining or clarifying some unfamiliar or difficult idea or object

by showing how the idea or object is similar to some familiar one

• anecdote

• antithesis

• aphorism

• analogy