Stability and change in populations and ecosystems

Which is true of the relationship between the grass and lion?

• The grass is the consumer and the lion is the producer.

• As the grass population increases, the lion population increases.

• As the grass population decreases, the lion population increases.

• As the grass population increases, the lion population remains

  the same.

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What is the first type of organism to appear during primary succession?

• Trees

• Pioneer species

• Grasses

• Large animals

Which event is most likely to lead to primary succession?

• A wildfire in a forest

• A hurricane flooding a coastline

• A volcanic eruption creating new land

• A forest being cleared for farming

How does secondary succession differ from primary succession?

• Secondary succession starts where soil already exists.

• Secondary succession begins without any soil.

• Secondary succession takes longer than primary succession.

• Secondary succession removes pioneer species.

This energy pyramid model the flow of energy between organisms. Use the diagram to help you answer the question.

• The energy needs of organisms increase from level to level in an ecosystem. With each level of the pyramid, only 10% of the energy available is used by organisms.

• The energy needs of organisms decrease from level to level in an ecosystem. With each level in an ecosystem transferring only 10%. This means that the remaining 90% is the energy used and lost as heat.

• The energy needs of organisms increase from level to level in an ecosystem. Therefore, the total amount of energy available at each level increases in an ecosystem.

• The energy needs of organisms do not flow from level to level in an ecosystem. Therefore, the total amount of energy stays the same in an ecosystem.

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What do pioneer species do in primary succession?

• Create soil for other plants to grow

• Remove competition between species

• Stabilize populations of large animals

• Provide shade for larger plants

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During primary succession, what increases over time?

• Soil quality and plant diversity

• Soil moisture and water levels

• Plant size and animal populations

• Population stability and competition

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What is the order of succession shown in this figure?

• A, B, C, D
• B, A, D, C
• C, D, A, B
• D, A, B, C

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Which is a similarity between primary and secondary succession?

• Both begin with the appearance of grasses.

• Both occur after an ecosystem disturbance.

• Both begin with the presence of soil.

• Both rely on human activity to start.

Which of the following would be the most likely effect, if there were a sudden increase in the cricket population?

• There would be a decrease in the small bird population.
• There would be a decrease in the grass/flowers population.
• There would be a decrease in the mice population.
• There would be an increase in the grass/flowers population.

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