Unit 3 Weathering Erosion Deposition Test Review

The map below shows a meandering stream. Points A, B, C, and D

represent locations along the stream bottom.

At which location is the greatest amount of sediment most likely

being deposited?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Answer explanation

This is a meandering stream and...

• (Point C): The water moves slower on the inside of the bend. Because the water is slower, it can't carry as much sediment, so it drops or deposits the sediment it was carrying.

• Outside Bend (Point A): On the outside of the bend, the water moves faster. Faster water can carry more sediment and erodes the stream bank, taking sediment away rather than depositing it.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

A student is creating a model to study how different surfaces affect water runoff during a rainstorm. The student uses various materials to see which one results in the least amount of water soaking into the ground and the most water running off the surface. Which of the following designs would most likely result in the highest amount of water runoff?

• Created with tightly packed gravel-sized particles

• Created with loosely packed soil and moss

• Created by covering the model with dense vegetation and bushes

• Created with a smooth, unbreakable surface like concrete

Answer explanation

The correct answer is d. Created with a smooth, impermeable surface like concrete because Loosely packed soil and mulch would allow more water to soak into the ground, reducing runoff.

• Option a: Tightly packed gravel-sized particles might allow some water to seep through but not as much as other materials.

• Option c: it prevents water from soaking into the ground, resulting in the highest amount of runoff.

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NGSS.MS-ETS1-1

NGSS.MS-ETS1-2

Which picture best shows the correct way sediments deposit as they stream down into the ocean?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Answer explanation

• Pebbles: Large particles

• Sand: Rough particles, small

• Clay: Very fine particles, very small

As a streams runs down the particles or sediments get smaller.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

The fossil of a small mammal is found in a layer of rock above the fossil of a fish. The rock layers are undisturbed, with the oldest layers at the bottom and the youngest layers at the top. What would be a reasonable hypothesis to explain these observations?

• The mammal lived before the fish.

• The mammal lived after the fish.

• The mammal and fish lived at the same time.

• The layers of rock are the same age.

Answer explanation

If the mammal lived after the fish, its fossil would be found in a higher layer of rock, which matches the observation in the question. This is because newer layers of rock are deposited on top of older layers, so fossils in higher layers are from organisms that lived more recently.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

Which of the following processes is most responsible for the formation of a delta at the mouth of a river?

• Evaporation

• Deposition

• Erosion

• Condensation

Your teacher has given you four white minerals to correctly identify: gypsum, talc, quartz, and feldspar. Based on the identification chart, which of the following investigations would help you correctly identify each mineral? (There is more than one correct answer)

• Perform a streak test to observe the color of the powder left by each mineral.
  

• Measure the hardness of each mineral using the Mohs hardness scale.

• Use a magnet to test the magnetic properties of each mineral.

• Observe the reaction of each mineral with hydrochloric acid.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

Hadley wants to develop a model showing how a river could get wider over the course of five years.  Which of the following could she show in her model to best explain how a river could become wider?

• A moving river collecting eroded rocks and sand from upstream along the banks.

• A river evaporating in a heavy drought, becoming shallower and wider.

• A moving river carrying weathered rocks and dirt from the banks downstream.

• A river flooding in heavy storms, creating new streams that flow inland.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

During a field study, a geologist observes a river with a high sediment load. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this observation?

• The river is flowing through a desert region.

• The river is flowing through a region with heavy rainfall.

• The river is flowing through a densely forested area.

• The river is flowing through a region with little vegetation.

Sediment that is left behind in rivers lakes and oceans

• weathering
• erosion
• cementation
• deposition

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

What is the relationship between stream flow and the size of particles it can carry?

• Higher flow allows a stream to carry larger particles.

• Stream flow has no effect on the size of particles it can carry.

• Lower flow allows a stream to carry larger particles.

• Stream flow only affects the speed of particles, not their size.