G11 - 20.3 Earth's Early History

What does geological and astronomical evidence suggest about the formation of Earth?

• It was created by a single cosmic event.

• It formed as pieces of cosmic debris collided.

• It was formed solely by volcanic activity.

• It was created by extraterrestrial beings.

What are protocells?

• Membrane-like vesicles formed from fatty-acid-like molecules.

• Structures formed from amino acids.

• Simple organic compounds.

• Complex living organisms.

What does the endosymbiotic theory propose?

• Organelles in eukaryotic cells were formed when different types of cells joined together.

• Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells without any interaction.

• Eukaryotic cells are older than prokaryotic cells.

• All cells evolved independently from each other.

What significant event occurred during the Proterozoic Eon, around 2.2 billion years ago?

• The extinction of dinosaurs

• The formation of the Earth

• The evolution of photosynthetic bacteria

• The creation of the first land plants

What do cilia and flagella enable cells to do?

• Translate mRNA

• Synthesize proteins

• Store genetic information

• Move and interact with their environment

What was the main purpose of the Miller-Urey Experiment?

• To explore the effects of cosmic radiation.

• To create a new type of organic compound.

• To study the properties of water in different states.

• To test the hypothesis of organic compound production on early Earth.

What is the primary function of ribosomes in living cells?

• To synthesize DNA

• To transport proteins

• To store genetic information

• To translate mRNA into sequences of amino acids

What does the "RNA World" hypothesis propose?

• RNA evolved after DNA.

• RNA existed before DNA.

• RNA is not capable of self-replication.

• DNA was the first information-carrying molecule.

Which two organelles mentioned are considered even more complicated?

• Flagella and vacuoles

• Lysosomes and ribosomes

• Endoplasmic reticula and cilia

• Chloroplasts and mitochondria

What are the key proteins found in eukaryotic cilia and flagella?

• Actin and myosin

• Collagen and elastin

• Hemoglobin and keratin

• Tubulin and dynein