Biochemistry Basics for Grade 10

What is the basic unit of life?

• Organism

• Cell

• Tissue

• Atom

Define biochemistry.

• Biochemistry is the study of rocks and minerals.

• Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes and substances in living organisms.

• Biochemistry is the analysis of human behavior and psychology.

• Biochemistry focuses solely on the physical properties of non-living matter.

What are the four main types of biomolecules?

• Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids

• Vitamins, Minerals, Enzymes, Hormones

• Cellulose, Starch, DNA, RNA

• Sugars, Fats, Amino Acids, Water

Explain the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions.

• Enzymes speed up biochemical reactions by lowering activation energy and forming enzyme-substrate complexes.

• Enzymes break down substrates into smaller molecules without any energy change.

• Enzymes are only active at high temperatures.

• Enzymes are used to store energy in cells.

What is the structure of DNA?

• DNA is a double helix made of two strands of nucleotides.

• DNA is a single strand of amino acids.

• DNA is a triple helix structure.

• DNA is composed of proteins and lipids.

Describe the process of protein synthesis.

• Proteins are synthesized directly from glucose molecules.

• Protein synthesis occurs only in the mitochondria.

• DNA is synthesized from proteins during protein synthesis.

• Protein synthesis is the process of creating proteins from amino acids based on the genetic instructions in DNA, involving transcription of mRNA and translation at ribosomes.

What is the function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

• Carbohydrates provide energy, structural support, and facilitate cell recognition.

• Carbohydrates are a source of vitamins and minerals.

• Carbohydrates are responsible for oxygen transport in the blood.

• Carbohydrates are primarily used for DNA replication.

How do lipids differ from carbohydrates?

• Lipids are primarily used for structural support, while carbohydrates are used for energy storage.

• Carbohydrates are hydrophobic and lipids are hydrophilic in nature.

• Lipids differ from carbohydrates in their structure, function, and solubility; lipids are hydrophobic and energy-storing, while carbohydrates are hydrophilic and energy-providing.

• Lipids contain more oxygen than carbohydrates, making them heavier.

What is the significance of ATP in cellular processes?

• ATP is crucial for energy transfer in cellular processes.

• ATP is a waste product of cellular respiration.

• ATP is primarily used for storing genetic information.

• ATP is not involved in any metabolic reactions.

Explain the concept of pH in biochemistry.

• pH is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration, influencing biochemical reactions and processes.

• pH is unrelated to enzyme activity in biochemical processes.

• pH indicates the presence of carbon dioxide in a solution.

• pH is a measure of temperature in biochemical reactions.