Understanding Caregiver-Infant Interactions

What is meant by reciprocity in caregiver–infant interactions?

• When the caregiver and infant mirror each other’s actions exactly

• When each person responds to the other and elicits a response in return

• When the caregiver provides all the interaction and the baby passively receives it

• When the baby cries to signal it needs food

According to Feldman and Eidelman (2007), how often do mothers typically respond to their baby’s alert phases?

• Around one-third of the time

• Around half of the time

• Around two-thirds of the time

• Almost all of the time

What is an alert phase in infants?

• A period of deep sleep

• A period when babies signal they are ready for interaction

• A phase when babies stop responding to their caregiver

• A stage of attachment that occurs at around 1 year of age

How did T. Berry Brazelton et al. (1975) describe caregiver–infant interactions?

• As a ‘lecture’ where the caregiver teaches the baby

• As a ‘game’ where the baby plays alone

• As a ‘dance’ where each partner responds to the other’s moves

• As a ‘mirror’ where the baby mimics the caregiver

What is the definition of interactional synchrony?

• A type of attachment where the baby is independent

• A type of interaction where caregiver and baby reflect each other’s actions and emotions in a coordinated way

• A form of communication where only the caregiver is involved

• A type of synchronised crying between babies and their caregivers

What did Meltzoff and Moore (1977) discover about interactional synchrony?

• Babies as young as two weeks old could mirror adult facial expressions and gestures

• Babies only develop interactional synchrony at 6 months old

• Only mothers could display synchrony with their babies

• Interactional synchrony does not occur in early infancy

According to Feldman (2007), how is interactional synchrony defined?

• As the "temporal coordination of micro-level social behaviour"

• As the "emotional response of the caregiver to the baby’s needs"

• As the "ability of a baby to imitate sounds"

• As the "development of secure attachment in infancy"

What did Isabella et al. (1989) find about interactional synchrony?

• Babies who showed higher levels of synchrony had better-quality attachments

• Synchrony had no impact on attachment development

• Mothers were unable to establish synchrony with their babies

• Synchrony only occurred when the baby was a few months old

Which of the following is NOT an example of secure-base behaviour?

• A baby looking back at their caregiver while playing

• A baby regularly returning to their caregiver for comfort

• A baby refusing to interact with their caregiver at all

• A toddler staying close to their caregiver in a new environment

What did Finegood et al. (2016) suggest about a mother’s response to a baby’s alert phases?

• It is completely random and unpredictable

• It depends on the mother’s skill and external factors such as stress

• It is always the same for all mothers

• It has no impact on the baby's social development