Applied DNA

A technique for making millions of copies of a specific region of DNA.

• DNA ligase

• gel electrophoresis

• restriction enzymes

• polymerase chain reaction

What happens in the Denature step of PCR?

• The DNA nucleotides are broken apart.

• The double-stranded DNA is separated into two single strands of DNA.

• The base-pairing rules for DNA are reversed.

• The DNA is returned to its natural setting.

What happens during the Anneal step of PCR?

• Primers are created.

• Primers copy the new DNA strand

• The primers attach to the target DNA region.

• Primers sequence DNA

What is the function of a primer?

• To identify the particular region of DNA to be copied by PCR.

• To create DNA nucleotides

• To copy DNA.

• To maintain the temperature of the PCR reaction.

What is the purpose of the Extension step of PCR?

• To create the primers.

• To allow polymerase to create the complementary strands of DNA.

• To extend the time it takes to produce DNA.

• To allow substrates to copy DNA sequences.

In order to insert a human gene into plasmid, both must

• code for the same gene product.

• originate from the same type of cell.

• be cut by the same restriction enzyme.

• have identical sequences.

Recombinant DNA technology

• is possible only between closely related species

• uses bacteria to make copies of the desired product and splices DNAs together.

• uses bacteria to make copies of the desired product

• uses bacteria to make copies of the desired product, splices DNAs together, and is possible only between closely related species

The first human hormone produced successfully by using DNA recombinant technology is

• human growth hormone

• adenosine deaminase

• insulin

• thyroxin

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The following are the uses of

recombinant DNA EXCEPT

• Produce sheep clone

• Produce plants that have bacterial genes to destroy pathogenic insects

• Produce agriculturally important plants and animals

• Produce microbes that secrete enzymes to overcome the problems of oil spoilage in the sea

The following are the examples of transgenic organisms EXCEPT

• Pseudomonas bacteria strain can breakdown hydrocarbons

• Rhizobium bacteria in root nodules that have / the ability to fix nitrogen

• sheep that produce milk with human growth hormone

• Plants that are resistant to glyphosate

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