Biology Cellular Genetics

During a biology class, Mike asked Lauren, 'What is the basic unit of life?'

• Atom

• Molecule

• Cell

• Organ

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

In a science project about cell biology, Mike and Lauren are discussing which organelle is referred to as the "powerhouse of the cell" because it is responsible for producing most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). What is the name of this organelle?

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Golgi Apparatus

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Imagine Lauren is studying how a single cell in Mike's body can divide to produce two identical cells, each carrying the same genetic information as the original cell. What is this process called?

• Meiosis

• Mitosis

• Fission

• Fusion

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS3-2

During a science fair, Lauren and Mike are discussing the components of DNA. Lauren mentions a base that is not part of DNA. Which base is she likely referring to?

• Adenine

• Cytosine

• Uracil

• Thymine

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS3-1

Lauren has brown eyes and curly hair, traits she inherited from her parents. What is the term for these observable characteristics, which are determined by her genetic makeup?

• Genotype

• Phenotype

• Allele

• Chromosome

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

In a pea plant experiment, Mike observed a plant that produced only yellow peas, regardless of cross-breeding. What term describes the pea plant's allele for pea color?

• Heterozygous

• Homozygous

• Hemizygous

• Hybrid

Lauren is watering her plants by placing them in a tray of water. She notices that the water moves up the soil against gravity. Which process describes this movement of water through the soil, mimicking the movement across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration?

• Diffusion

• Osmosis

• Active Transport

• Filtration

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

Imagine Mike is working in a lab and needs to explain how cells ensure they have two identical sets of DNA before they divide. What is the name of the process he describes?

• Transcription

• Translation

• Replication

• Mitosis

Mike is working on a science project about how traits are passed from parents to offspring. He learns that a specific segment of DNA is responsible for determining each trait. Which of the following best describes this segment of DNA?

• A segment of DNA that codes for a protein

• A complete set of DNA in an organism

• A type of protein that regulates DNA replication

• A cellular structure that contains DNA

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS3-2

Imagine Mike and Lauren are studying genetics and come across a fruit fly. In a diploid cell of this fruit fly, how many copies of each gene are present?

• 1

• 2

• 4

• It varies depending on the gene