Relationships and Biodiversity

High biodiversity is

• having many individuals of the same organism

• having few individuals of the same organism

• having a many varieties of different organisms

• having one of each type of organism

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Scientists attempted to determine the evolutionary relationships between three different finch species, A , B , and C . In order to do this, they examined the physical characteristics and DNA of these species. DNA was extracted from all three species and analyzed using gel electrophoresis. The results are shown in the diagram. Which statement best describes the method used above to determine the evolutionary relationships between three species of finches?

• Examine the structure of the beaks and compare them.

• Observe behavioral and physical characteristics of all the finches and group them by similarities.

• Obtain molecular evidence from all three species and identify similarities.

• Compare common ancestors of all three of the species to see if they are the same.

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Which chemicals are used to cut DNA into fragments for a gel electrophoresis procedure?

• molecular bases

• restriction enzymes

• hormones

• ATP molecules

A laboratory technique that separates pigments by molecular sizes is known as:

• gel electrophoresis

• biological staining

• dissection

• chromatography

Two organisms that are closely related would have

• very similar DNA sequence
• exactly the same DNA sequences
• no proteins in common
• completely different DNA sequence

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Protein sequences in one organism that resemble those of another suggest a

• coincidence

• lack of evolutionary relationship

• great number of mutations

• shared ancestry, aka common ancestry

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Examination of DNA for evidence of evolutionary relationships, is the study of what kind of evidence?

• structural anatomy

• embryology

• fossil record

• molecular

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According to this cladogram, sharks are MOST closely related to which organism?

• Amphibians

• Ray finned fish

• Crocodiles

• Birds

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Which evidence provides the most credibility of relationship between organisms?

• genetic base sequences

• the presence of an enzyme

• plant pigments

• structural characteristics of the stems

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What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis?

• to cut DNA

• to count the genes in DNA

• to separate DNA fragments based on their sizes

• to splice a DNA fragment into a plasmid