Industrialization

Match the technological innovation with its description.

• Bessemer Process

• Improved communication; invented by Alexander Graham Bell; allowed people to talk to each other instantaneously across far distances

• Telephone

• Improved powering machinery and transportation; major inventors with this new system were Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse; allowed for better motors

• Railroads

• Improved transportation; could carry people and goods faster and farther than any other travelling system of its time; helped develop an interconnected national marketplace

• Electric Power

• Improved the production of steel by making it quicker and easier; involved oxidizing molten iron with air; shortened the amount of time required to produce high-quality steel

Separate the pros and cons of big business.

Groups:

(a) Pros

,

(b) Cons

• are more efficient, leading to lower prices

• have unfair competitive advantages against smaller companies

• have the resources to support research and invent new technology

• can hire large numbers of workers

• can produce lots of goods

• tend to exploit workers

• less concerned with pollution or environmental factors

• have unfair influence over government policies

​ (a)   describes Rockefeller as an example of a Captain of Industry, while ​ (b)   presents him more as a Robber Baron.

• Alan Nevins
• Matthew Josephson

Andrew Carnegie's quote is about the ​ (a)   , while Thomas Ladenburg describes ​ (b)   .

• Gospel of Wealth
• Social Darwinism

Match the features to the correct industrial leader.

Groups:

(a) Andrew Carnegie

,

(b) John D. Rockefeller

,

(c) J. P. Morgan

• Scottish immigrant

• steel

• consolidated companies into trusts

• philanthropy and the Gospel of Wealth

• used ruthless methods to dominate the industry

• banking

• oil

Which economic issue of the Gilded Age is this passage describing?

• big business

• farming

• cattle industry

• child labor