EMT Physiology

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway?

• Larynx

• Pharynx

• Bronchus

• Oropharynx

Structures of the lower airway include all of the following, EXCEPT:

• alveoli

•  the trachea

• the epiglottis

• bronchioles

The diaphragm is innervated by the _________ nerve, which allows it to contract

• vagus

• phrenic

• hypoglossal

• vestibulocochlear

Which of the following factors will cause a reduction in minute volume in an adult?

•  Shallow breathing

•  Increased tidal volume

• Respirations of 20 breaths/min

• Slight increase in respiratory rate

Which of the following is a late sign of hypoxia?

• Anxiety

• Cyanosis

• Tachycardia

• Restlessness

Gas exchange in the lungs is facilitated by:

• adequate amounts of surfactant

• water or blood within the alveoli

• surfactant-destroying organisms

•  pulmonary capillary constriction

The presence of elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood is called:

• acidosis

• hypoxia

• hypoxemia

• hypercarbia

Which of the following patients is breathing adequately?

• A conscious male with respirations of 19 breaths/min and pink skin

• A conscious female with facial cyanosis and rapid, shallow respirations

• A conscious male with respirations of 18 breaths/min and reduced tidal volume

• An unconscious 52-year-old female with snoring respirations and cool, pale skin

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Irregular respirations characterized by an increasing rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea are called: 

•  ataxic respirations

• agonal respirations

• eupneic respirations

• Cheyne-Stokes respirations

What is the MOST common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious patient?

• Vomitus

• The tongue

• Blood clots

• Aspirated fluid