Chapter 20.3

Lynn Mergulis developed the endosymniont theory to explain the evolution of certain eukaryotic organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria. According to this theory, witch of these events occurred to an ancient prokaryotic cell?

• Mutations caused the cell's DNA to direct the synthesis of new organelles.

• The cell nucleus divided and charged to from other types of organelles.

• The cell took in another ancient prokaryotic cell, witch began living inside it.

• The cell membrane divide and changed to from new types of organelles.

Could Earth's first atmosphere have supported the lives of humans and other living things of today?

• Yes, because the first atmosphere changed only minimally over time

• Yes, because the first atmosphere contained all of the essential gasses for life

• No, because the first atmosphere contained very little water vapor

• No, because the first atmosphere contained very little oxygen

In the Miller- Urey experiment, electrical sparks were passed through a mixture of gasses, including hydrogen, water vapor, methane, and ammonia. These gases were thought to be present in the atmosphere of early Earth. The results showed that gases reacted to form amino acids, witch are the building blocks of proteins.

• All organic molecules, including amino acids, were produced form chemical reaction on early Earth

• Some organic molecules, including amino acids, could have been produced form chemical reactions on early Earth.

• Complex organs molecules, such as proteins, could have nit been produced form chemical reactions on early Earth

• Complex organ molecules, such as proteins, could have been produced from a chemical reactions on early Earth

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According tot he RNA World hypothesis, witch takes tasks was accomplished by early RNA, but is not generally accomplished by the RNA of today's organisms?

• carrying genetic information

• carrying information for making proteins

• replicating, or making copies of itself

• a decrease in carbon dioxide levels, witch led to the first ice age

The first organisms that performed photosynthesis evolved about 2.2 billion years ago. During the next few million years, their actions caused which of these events?

• an increase in oxygen levels, which led to the extinction of many anaerobic organisms

• a decrease in oxygen levels, which led to the arrival of the first anaerobic organisms

• an increases in carbon dioxide levels, which led to a warmer climate change

• a decrease in carbon dioxide levels, which led to the first ice age

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This diagram shows a model of the evolution of the eukaryotic. According to this model, how did eukaryotic cellular organelles evolve?

• Mitochondria developed from endosymbionts, and then chloroplasts developed from other en

• Chloroplasts developed from endosymbionts, and then mitochondria developed from other endosymbionts

• Both mitochondria and chloroplast developed from endosymbionts at the same time

• mitochondria developed from endosymbionts, and then some mitochondria evolved into chloroplast

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